Abstract: Objective To explore the correlation between different feeding styles of caregivers and diet quality of children with nutritional problems, in order to provide reference for making effective feeding guidance and intervention strategy. Methods From January 2022 to August 2023, 2- to 6-year-old children who had been enrolled in kindergartens or nurseries and their caregivers from the combined outpatient department of Child Healthcare and Nutrition in Shanghai Children's Hospital were selected into this study.The amount of dinner served and consumed was obtained through the three-day dinner intake survey, and the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) was calculated.Feeding styles were divided into four groups through the Caregiver Feeding Style Questionnaire.Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between served and consumed CHEI score.Chi-square test, t-test and ANOVA were used to compare the differences in CHEI score for dinner consumed in children with different feeding styles. Results 1) Totally 133 parent-child pairs were included in this study.There were 68 boys (51.1%) and 65 girls (48.9%), with an average age of (4.6±0.6) years.2) CHEI scores for dinner served was highly correlated with that for dinner consumed (r=0.90, P<0.05).There was statistically significant difference between the CHEI score for dinner served and consumed by authoritative and authoritarian feeding styles (t=2.538, 1.732, P＜0.05).3) After adjusting body shape, children in the authoritative feeding style actually completed a significantly higher diet quality CHEI score than those in the authoritarian feeding style (P＜0.05).4)Authoritative and indulgent feeding styles had statistical differences in the distribution of children's body size (χ²=13.587, P=0.035). Conclusions Parents with authoritarian feeding style and indulgent feeding style have worse control over their children's dietary completion.Children with authoritative feeding style have higher dietary quality than those with authoritarian feeding style.Children with indulgent feeding style may have a higher proportion of non-low weight than those with authoritative feeding style.Although feeding style could not reverse the outcome of body shape deviation in children with disease, it may have some positive effects.

Key words: caregivers, feeding styles, dietary quality, China Healthy Eating Index

摘要： 目的 分析不同养育者喂养照护风格与存在营养问题的儿童饮食质量的相关性,以期为制定更有效的喂养指导和干预方案提供依据。方法 选取2022年1月—2023年8月上海市儿童医院儿保-营养联合门诊2~6岁已入园或入托的患儿及其1名照顾者为研究对象。通过三天晚餐摄入量调查获取晚餐的提供量及完成量,并计算其中国健康饮食指数(CHEI),通过《照顾者喂养风格问卷》将父母分为4种喂养风格。采用Pearson相关系数来确定CHEI提供和实际消耗得分之间的相关性,采用χ²检验、t检验和方差分析比较不同喂养风格下儿童CHEI实际消耗得分及体型构成的差异。结果 1)133对亲子对数据完整,纳入此次研究。其中男童68名(51.1%),女童65名(48.9%),患儿年龄为(4.6±0.6)岁。2)父母提供的晚餐与儿童实际完成的饮食质量CHEI得分高度相关(r=0.90, P <0.05)。而专制型和纵容型两种喂养风格下,父母提供的晚餐与儿童实际完成的饮食质量CHEI得分差异具有统计学意义(t=2.538、1.732,P＜0.05)。3)调整体型后,权威型喂养风格的儿童实际完成的饮食质量CHEI得分显著高于专制型喂养风格(P＜0.05)。 4)权威型和纵容型两种喂养风格在儿童的体型分布上差异有统计学意义(χ²=13.587,P=0.035)。结论 专制型和纵容型两种喂养风格的家长对儿童饮食的完成情况控制性更差;而权威型喂养风格下的儿童较专制型喂养风格有着更高的膳食质量;纵容型喂养风格下的儿童较权威型喂养风格可能有着更高非低体重的比例。喂养风格对于存在疾病因素的儿童虽不能逆转其体型偏离的结局,但可能存在一定的保护因素。

关键词: 养育者, 喂养照护风格, 饮食质量, 中国健康饮食指数