广藿香醇在治疗缺血相关疾病的研究进展

doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2026.05.014

中国临床药理学与治疗学 ›› 2026, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 691-699.doi: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2026.05.014

广藿香醇在治疗缺血相关疾病的研究进展

曾亢¹(), 邢维鑫²^,*(), 牟青春¹^,*()

1. 海南医科大学附属海南医院\海南省人民医院，海口 570311，海南
2. 中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九二八医院，海口 570000，海南

收稿日期:2025-02-11 修回日期:2025-04-28 出版日期:2026-05-26 发布日期:2026-06-02
通讯作者: 邢维鑫,牟青春 E-mail:zengkang32@163.com;xingweixin1996@qq.com;muq@hainmc.edu.cn
作者简介:曾亢，男，硕士，硕士研究生在读，研究方向：脑卒中。E-mail：zengkang32@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（82360366）；海南省自然科学基金项目（824RC546）；海南省人民医院自然科学基金培育530工程面上项目（2022MSXM06）；广东省自然科学基金项目（2023A1515012969）

Research progress of patchouli alcohol in the treatment of ischemia-related diseases

Kang ZENG¹(), Weixin XING²^,*(), Qingchun MU¹^,*()

1. Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
2. The 928th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Haikou 570000, Hainan, China

Received:2025-02-11 Revised:2025-04-28 Online:2026-05-26 Published:2026-06-02
Contact: Weixin XING,Qingchun MU E-mail:zengkang32@163.com;xingweixin1996@qq.com;muq@hainmc.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

缺血性疾病（ischemia）主要累及血供丰富的实质性器官（如心、脑、肝、肾、肺），在胃肠道等空腔脏器中亦具有较高发病率。广藿香醇（patchouli alcohol，PA）作为中国传统药用植物的活性成分，经多领域研究证实，其在心脑血管缺血、消化道缺血及相关缺血性疾病防治中展现出显著的保护效能，可有效延缓缺血病理进程。现有研究揭示，PA主要通过三种协同机制发挥缺血保护作用：（1）调控炎症反应级联；（2）清除氧化应激产物；（3）舒张血管平滑肌以改善血流灌注。这种多靶点干预策略使其在器官保护领域具有独特优势。本综述系统性阐释PA对多器官缺血损伤的治疗作用及分子机制，加深对传统中药活性成分的现代药理认知，提示其作为新一代缺血性疾病治疗药物的研发潜力。值得注意的是，PA的多靶点调控特性为创新药物设计提供了重要参考，有望突破单一作用机制药物的局限性，推动抗缺血治疗策略的革新。

关键词: 广藿香醇, 缺血损伤, 缺血再灌注损伤, 损伤保护, 炎症反应, 氧化应激, 血管舒张

Abstract:

Ischemic diseases primarily affect blood-rich parenchymal organs such as the heart, brain, liver, kidneys, and lungs, while also demonstrating considerable incidence in hollow viscera like the gastrointestinal tract. Patchouli alcohol (PA), an active component derived from traditional Chinese medicinal plants, has been demonstrated across multidisciplinary studies to exert remarkable protective efficacy in the prevention and treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular ischemia, gastrointestinal ischemia, and related ischemic pathologies, effectively delaying the progression of ischemic pathological processes. Current research reveals that PA achieves ischemic protection through three synergistic mechanisms: (i) modulation of the inflammatory cascade, (ii) scavenging of oxidative stress products, and (iii) vasodilation of smooth muscle to improve blood perfusion. This multi-target intervention strategy confers unique advantages in organ protection. The present review systematically elucidates the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of PA in multi-organ ischemic injury, not only expanding modern pharmacological understanding of bioactive components from traditional Chinese medicine but also highlighting its developmental potential as a novel therapeutic agent for ischemic diseases. Notably, PA's multi-target regulatory properties provide critical insights for innovative drug design, promising to overcome limitations of single-mechanism drugs and drive paradigm shifts in anti-ischemic treatment strategies.

Key words: patchouli alcohol, ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion injury, injury protection, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, vasodilation

中图分类号:

曾亢, 邢维鑫, 牟青春. 广藿香醇在治疗缺血相关疾病的研究进展[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2026, 31(5): 691-699.

Kang ZENG, Weixin XING, Qingchun MU. Research progress of patchouli alcohol in the treatment of ischemia-related diseases[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2026, 31(5): 691-699.

图/表 3

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作者	年份	动物	模型	干预	结果
Wei et al.^[10]	2018	C57BL/6J以及ob/ob小鼠	大脑中脑动脉栓塞模型（MCAO）达到局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型	C57BL/6J小鼠，缺血1小时后拔出导丝以恢复血液循环； ob/ob小鼠及其同窝对照小鼠，缺血45 min后进行再灌注。	广藿香醇显著减少梗死体积，降低神经系统学评分，减轻血脑屏障功能障碍。
Lu et al.^[35]	2022	C57BL/6J 小鼠	丝线结扎左冠状动脉前降支。缺血30 min后，释放滑动结进行再灌注损伤（MI/R模型）	治疗组小鼠术前分别腹腔注射广藿香醇（10、20、40 mg/kg），持续30 d。	广藿香醇减少心肌细胞的凋亡，降低炎性细胞的浸润程度。
Wu et al.^[11]	2020	Sprague-Dawley大鼠、BALB/C小鼠	TNBS、DSS诱导的溃疡性结肠炎（UC）模型	TNBS组：对照组和模型组大鼠给予10 mg/kg 广藿香醇； DSS组：从第14天到第27天，广藿香醇治疗组（15 mg/kg和30 mg/kg）的小鼠通过灌胃给予广藿香醇，而对照组和DSS组的小鼠在同一时间段内给予含2% Tween 80的溶液。	在两种模型中，广藿香醇显著降低促炎细胞因子的水平，并且维持肠道屏障的完整性，显著减轻结肠的组织学损伤，包括减少炎症细胞浸润等。
Xu et al.^[39]	2021	Wistar大鼠	在不同时间点胃内给予65%的乙醇（10 mL/kg），建立急性肝损伤模型	试验组每日口服相应剂量的试验溶液，对照组和模型组口服相同剂量的Tween 80蒸馏水。	广藿香醇干预后表现出明显的肝损伤改善，抑制氧化应激反应，改善肠道屏障功能，减轻炎症反应，肠道微生物的多样性。
Yu et al.^[45]	2015	BALB/C小鼠	鼻内灌注LPS以诱导的急性肺损伤模型	实验组：给予小鼠一定剂量的广藿香醇进行预处理；对照组：未给予广藿香醇干预，或给予其他非相关药物作为对照，如右美托咪定（常用作急性肺损伤阳性对照药物）。	广藿香醇显著提高LPS诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠的生存率，减轻小鼠肺组织的病理损伤和肺水肿程度
Li et al.^[47]	2023	SHRs大鼠、Wistar-Kyoto大鼠	自发性高血压建立肾纤维化模型	高、中、低广藿香醇剂量组分别给予不同剂量的广藿香醇（20、40、80 mg/kg，i.g.）。 Wistar-Kyoto大鼠为对照组，给予生理盐水(10 mL/kg, i.g.)。	广藿香醇显著降低自发性高血压大鼠的血压；减轻自发性高血压大鼠肾脏的纤维化程度，并且改善了自发性高血压大鼠的肾功能。

作者	年份	动物	模型	干预	结果
Wei et al.^[10]	2018	C57BL/6J以及ob/ob小鼠	大脑中脑动脉栓塞模型（MCAO）达到局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型	C57BL/6J小鼠，缺血1小时后拔出导丝以恢复血液循环； ob/ob小鼠及其同窝对照小鼠，缺血45 min后进行再灌注。	广藿香醇显著减少梗死体积，降低神经系统学评分，减轻血脑屏障功能障碍。
Lu et al.^[35]	2022	C57BL/6J 小鼠	丝线结扎左冠状动脉前降支。缺血30 min后，释放滑动结进行再灌注损伤（MI/R模型）	治疗组小鼠术前分别腹腔注射广藿香醇（10、20、40 mg/kg），持续30 d。	广藿香醇减少心肌细胞的凋亡，降低炎性细胞的浸润程度。
Wu et al.^[11]	2020	Sprague-Dawley大鼠、BALB/C小鼠	TNBS、DSS诱导的溃疡性结肠炎（UC）模型	TNBS组：对照组和模型组大鼠给予10 mg/kg 广藿香醇； DSS组：从第14天到第27天，广藿香醇治疗组（15 mg/kg和30 mg/kg）的小鼠通过灌胃给予广藿香醇，而对照组和DSS组的小鼠在同一时间段内给予含2% Tween 80的溶液。	在两种模型中，广藿香醇显著降低促炎细胞因子的水平，并且维持肠道屏障的完整性，显著减轻结肠的组织学损伤，包括减少炎症细胞浸润等。
Xu et al.^[39]	2021	Wistar大鼠	在不同时间点胃内给予65%的乙醇（10 mL/kg），建立急性肝损伤模型	试验组每日口服相应剂量的试验溶液，对照组和模型组口服相同剂量的Tween 80蒸馏水。	广藿香醇干预后表现出明显的肝损伤改善，抑制氧化应激反应，改善肠道屏障功能，减轻炎症反应，肠道微生物的多样性。
Yu et al.^[45]	2015	BALB/C小鼠	鼻内灌注LPS以诱导的急性肺损伤模型	实验组：给予小鼠一定剂量的广藿香醇进行预处理；对照组：未给予广藿香醇干预，或给予其他非相关药物作为对照，如右美托咪定（常用作急性肺损伤阳性对照药物）。	广藿香醇显著提高LPS诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠的生存率，减轻小鼠肺组织的病理损伤和肺水肿程度
Li et al.^[47]	2023	SHRs大鼠、Wistar-Kyoto大鼠	自发性高血压建立肾纤维化模型	高、中、低广藿香醇剂量组分别给予不同剂量的广藿香醇（20、40、80 mg/kg，i.g.）。 Wistar-Kyoto大鼠为对照组，给予生理盐水(10 mL/kg, i.g.)。	广藿香醇显著降低自发性高血压大鼠的血压；减轻自发性高血压大鼠肾脏的纤维化程度，并且改善了自发性高血压大鼠的肾功能。

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广藿香醇在治疗缺血相关疾病的研究进展

Research progress of patchouli alcohol in the treatment of ischemia-related diseases

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