中国临床药理学与治疗学 ›› 2026, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 146-153.doi: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2026.02.001
收稿日期:2025-05-25
修回日期:2025-07-09
出版日期:2026-02-26
发布日期:2026-03-17
通讯作者:
朱国行
E-mail:chenyiling0426@163.com;guoxingyj@hotmail.com
作者简介:陈怡伶,女,硕士,住院医师,从事癫痫相关研究。E-mail:Received:2025-05-25
Revised:2025-07-09
Online:2026-02-26
Published:2026-03-17
Contact:
Guoxing ZHU
E-mail:chenyiling0426@163.com;guoxingyj@hotmail.com
摘要:
癫痫是常见的慢性中枢神经系统疾病,70%的患者可通过抗癫痫发作药物(antiseizure medications,ASMs)治疗控制。成人癫痫药物治疗领域近年来取得了显著进展,新型抗癫痫药物不断涌现。育龄期女性及老年癫痫患者等特殊人群得到了进一步重视。本文综述了成人癫痫药物治疗的研究进展,为成人癫痫患者提供更加个体化、有效的药物治疗方案提供参考。
中图分类号:
陈怡伶, 朱国行. 成人癫痫药物治疗研究进展[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2026, 31(2): 146-153.
Yiling CHEN, Guoxing ZHU. Advances in pharmacotherapy for adult epilepsy[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2026, 31(2): 146-153.
| ASMs | Seizure type | Mechanism | Common adverse effects | Effects on hepatic enzymes |
| First generation | ||||
| PHB | FOS and GTCS | Increases GABA levels | Fatigue, somnolence, depression, impaired attention, hyperactivity, irritability, aggressive behavior, memory impairment | Inducer |
| PHT | FOS, GTCS (may worsen myoclonic seizures) | Sodium channel blocker | Nystagmus, ataxia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, aggressive behavior, megaloblastic anemia | Inducer (CYP1A2, CYP3A, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, PGP, UGT) |
| CZP | Myoclonic-atonic seizures | Enhances GABAA mediated inhibition | Sedation, ataxia, irritability, occasional leukopenia | - |
| CBZ | FOS, GTCS (may worsen myoclonic seizures) | Sodium channel blocker | Diplopia, dizziness, nausea, drowsiness, hyponatremia, neutropenia, osteoporosis | Inducer (CYP1A2, CYP3A, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, PGP, UGT) |
| VPA | FOS, GTCS, absence seizures, myoclonic seizures | Sodium channel blocker, enhances GABA, T-type calcium channel blocker | Nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, tremor, thrombocytopenia/neutropenia, weight gain, osteoporosis, pancreatitis | Inhibitor (CYP2C9, epoxide hydrolase, UGT) |
| Second generation | ||||
| GBP | FOS (may worsen myoclonic seizures) | P/Q-type calcium channel blocker | Somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, weight gain, peripheral edema | - |
| LTG | FOS, GTCS (may worsen myoclonic seizures) | Sodium channel blocker, may increase GABA levels | Headache, blurred vision, diplopia, instability, insomnia, tremor, rash | Inducer (UGT) Inhibitor (UGT, CYP2C19) |
| TPM | FOS, GTCS | Sodium channel blocker, may enhance GABA activity, AMPA receptor antagonist | Sedation, fatigue, dizziness, ataxia, depression, weight loss, memory impairment, word-finding difficulties, kidney stones | Weak inducer (CYP3A4) Weak inhibitor (CYP2C19) |
| LEV | FOS, GTCS, myoclonic seizures | Binds to SV2A protein | Somnolence, dizziness, weakness, irritability | - |
| OXC | FOS, GTCS (may worsen myoclonic seizures) | Sodium channel blocker | Drowsiness, headache, fatigue, hyponatremia, osteoporosis | Weak inducer (CYP3A4) Weak inhibitor (CYP2C19) |
| ZNS | FOS, Generalized seizures, myoclonic seizures | Blocks sodium and calcium channels, weak carbonic anhydrase inhibitor | Psychiatric symptoms, memory impairment, word-finding difficulties, kidney stones | - |
| Third generation | ||||
| LCM | FOS, GTCS | Slow sodium channel inactivation | Dizziness, somnolence, nausea, diplopia, cardiac arrhythmias | - |
| PER | FOS, GTCS | AMPA receptor antagonist | Dizziness, somnolence, nausea, falls | Weak inhibitor/inducer (CYP3A4) |
| ESL | FOS | Blocks sodium channels, stabilizes the inactive state of voltage-gated sodium channels | Dizziness, somnolence, headache, diplopia, nausea, ataxia | Weak inhibitor (CYP2C19) Weak inducer (CYP3A4) |
| BRV | FOS | Binds to SV2A | Somnolence, dizziness, fatigue, irritability | - |
表 1
Table 1 Clinically utilized ASMs
| ASMs | Seizure type | Mechanism | Common adverse effects | Effects on hepatic enzymes |
| First generation | ||||
| PHB | FOS and GTCS | Increases GABA levels | Fatigue, somnolence, depression, impaired attention, hyperactivity, irritability, aggressive behavior, memory impairment | Inducer |
| PHT | FOS, GTCS (may worsen myoclonic seizures) | Sodium channel blocker | Nystagmus, ataxia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, aggressive behavior, megaloblastic anemia | Inducer (CYP1A2, CYP3A, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, PGP, UGT) |
| CZP | Myoclonic-atonic seizures | Enhances GABAA mediated inhibition | Sedation, ataxia, irritability, occasional leukopenia | - |
| CBZ | FOS, GTCS (may worsen myoclonic seizures) | Sodium channel blocker | Diplopia, dizziness, nausea, drowsiness, hyponatremia, neutropenia, osteoporosis | Inducer (CYP1A2, CYP3A, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, PGP, UGT) |
| VPA | FOS, GTCS, absence seizures, myoclonic seizures | Sodium channel blocker, enhances GABA, T-type calcium channel blocker | Nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, tremor, thrombocytopenia/neutropenia, weight gain, osteoporosis, pancreatitis | Inhibitor (CYP2C9, epoxide hydrolase, UGT) |
| Second generation | ||||
| GBP | FOS (may worsen myoclonic seizures) | P/Q-type calcium channel blocker | Somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, weight gain, peripheral edema | - |
| LTG | FOS, GTCS (may worsen myoclonic seizures) | Sodium channel blocker, may increase GABA levels | Headache, blurred vision, diplopia, instability, insomnia, tremor, rash | Inducer (UGT) Inhibitor (UGT, CYP2C19) |
| TPM | FOS, GTCS | Sodium channel blocker, may enhance GABA activity, AMPA receptor antagonist | Sedation, fatigue, dizziness, ataxia, depression, weight loss, memory impairment, word-finding difficulties, kidney stones | Weak inducer (CYP3A4) Weak inhibitor (CYP2C19) |
| LEV | FOS, GTCS, myoclonic seizures | Binds to SV2A protein | Somnolence, dizziness, weakness, irritability | - |
| OXC | FOS, GTCS (may worsen myoclonic seizures) | Sodium channel blocker | Drowsiness, headache, fatigue, hyponatremia, osteoporosis | Weak inducer (CYP3A4) Weak inhibitor (CYP2C19) |
| ZNS | FOS, Generalized seizures, myoclonic seizures | Blocks sodium and calcium channels, weak carbonic anhydrase inhibitor | Psychiatric symptoms, memory impairment, word-finding difficulties, kidney stones | - |
| Third generation | ||||
| LCM | FOS, GTCS | Slow sodium channel inactivation | Dizziness, somnolence, nausea, diplopia, cardiac arrhythmias | - |
| PER | FOS, GTCS | AMPA receptor antagonist | Dizziness, somnolence, nausea, falls | Weak inhibitor/inducer (CYP3A4) |
| ESL | FOS | Blocks sodium channels, stabilizes the inactive state of voltage-gated sodium channels | Dizziness, somnolence, headache, diplopia, nausea, ataxia | Weak inhibitor (CYP2C19) Weak inducer (CYP3A4) |
| BRV | FOS | Binds to SV2A | Somnolence, dizziness, fatigue, irritability | - |
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