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    Volume 25 Issue 12
    26 December 2020
    Study on the specific binding of 68Ga-PSMA-I&T to prostate cancer cells
    XIE Yan, LI Cheng, ZHANG Lulu, ZHAO Zhenyu, HUANG Shanshan, WANG Yongsheng, TANG Yuanxiang, WANG Feng
    2020, 25(12):  1321-1329.  doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2020.12.001
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    AIM: To synthesize 68Ga-PSMA-I&T for targeted diagnosis of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and explore its specific binding to LNCaP cells of prostate cancer.  METHODS: 68Ga-PSMA-I&T was synthesized and its labeling rate, radiochemical purity and stability were measured. LNCaP cells were competitively bound with 2-PMPA and 68Ga-PSMA-I&T, and the radioactive uptake values of cells at different time points were calculated. LNCaP cells were then competitively combined with 68Ga-PSM-I&T and PSM-I&T at different concentrations, and the values of cell radioactive uptake values were calculated. The biological distribution experiment of 68Ga-PSM-I&T in ICR mice was conducted, and the radioactive uptake values per gram of tissue were calculated. Dynamic imaging with 68Ga-PSM-I&T micro-PET/CT was performed on ICR mice and LNCaP tumor-bearing mice, and the time radioactive uptake value curve was plotted. Immunochemical staining was performed to observe the expression of PSMA in the tumor tissues of mice. RESULTS: The radioactive labeling rate of 68Ga-PSMA-I&T was (95.4±2.5)%, with the purity more than 99% and the stability in vitro and in vivo was good. The radioactive uptake values of cells at 30 min and 90 min in the binding group and the blocking group were (3.3±0.5)%, (10.2±0.4)%, (0.99±0.03)%, and (1.54±0.05)%, respectively (P<0.001). The semi-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PSMA-I&T was 38.64 nmol/L. The dynamic imaging of 68Ga-PSMA-I&T micro-PET/CT of tumor-bearing mice showed significant radioactive uptake in tumor tissues at 15 min, with the radioactive uptake of tumor tissues gradually increased with time. Immunochemical staining results showed that the expression of PSMA protein was abundant in the isolated tumor tissues of LNCaP tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSION: The synthesis of 68Ga-PSMA-I&T was simple and easy, and its radioactive labeling rate and radiochemical purity were high and its stability was good. 68Ga-PSMA-I&T can specifically bind to LNCaP cells, and its distribution in vivo is good. It shows that it is an ideal tracer for targeted diagnosis of prostate cancer.
    Mechanism of celecoxib reverses adriamycin resistance in NK/T cell lymphoma cells by Notch 1/NF-κB/STAT3 pathway
    PAN Zhanhe, WANG Xin, SU An, ZHANG Peng, JI Haonan, WANG Xiaomei
    2020, 25(12):  1330-1336.  doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2020.12.002
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    AIM: To observe the mechanism of celecoxib reversal adriamycin resistance in NK/T cell lymphoma cells.  METHODS: SNK6 and SNK6/ADR cells were treated with celecoxib of different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 μmol/L), the growth inhibition rate of SNK6 and SNK6/ADR were measured by MTT method. The IC50 and low-toxic concentration of celecoxib on SNK6/ADR cells were calculated, then SNK6/ADR cells were treated with low-toxic concentration of celecoxib combined with adriamycin, the IC50 and reverse times were calculated. The apoptosis of SNK6/ADR cells were detected by FMC. The effects of apatinib on the accumulation of rhodamine 123 in SNK6/ADR cells were investigated by flow cytometry. The mRNA expressions of Notch 1, NF-κB and STAT3 were detected by RT-PCR. The protein expressions of Notch 1, NF-κB, STAT3, P-gp were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Different concentrations of celecoxib can significantly inhibit the proliferation of SNK6 and SNK6/ADR cells. The inhibition increased with the increase of celecoxib concentration. The IC50 of celecoxib on SNK6 and SNK6/ADR cells were (57.54±6.89) μg/mL, (43.39±4.38) μg/mL, The IC50 of adriamycin on SNK6/ADR cells was (7.34±0.56) μg/mL. After adriamycin combined with celecoxib 10 μmol/L treat SNK6/ADR cells, the IC50 on SNK6/ADR cells was (3.51±0.25) μg/mL (P<0.01), and the reverse times was 2.09. After adriamycin combined with celecoxib, compared with the adriamycin group, the apoptosis rate of SNK6/ADR cells was significantly increased (P<0.01). The intracellular accumulation of rhodamine 123 was significantly increased (P<0.01). The protein expressions of P-gp was significantly decreased (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expressions of Notch 1, NF-κB, STAT3 were significantly decreased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Celecoxib can induce apoptosis and reverse adriamycin resistance in NK/T cell lymphoma cells, the mechanism may be regulating the Notch 1/NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway.
    Chronopharmacokinetics of melatonin in non-dipper spontaneous hypertension rats
    CUI Haiju, MA Zhangqing, YANG Kui, WANG Wusan, XU Huifang, LUAN Jiajie
    2020, 25(12):  1337-1343.  doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2020.12.003
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    AIM: To study the chronological pharmacokinetic differences of melatonin (MEL) in non-dipper spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).  METHODS: The HPLC detection method of MEL was established, and the specificity, precision, recovery rate and stability of the method were examined. Twelve male SD rats were divided into two groups, and a single dose of MEL (20 mg/kg) was given intragastrically at either 08∶00 or 20∶00, respectively. Plasma samples were collected at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60, 90, 120, 240, 360 min after drug administration, and the plasma MEL concentration was determined by fluorescence HPLC. RESULTS: The specificity, precision, recovery rate and stability of the MEL detection method established in this study were in line with the requirements of the biological analysis method guidelines, proving that the method was mature and reliable. After MEL was administered at 08∶00, the Tmax could be reached in about 19 min. However, in 20∶00 group rats, it took about 32 min to reach Tmax (P<0.01). Cmax, AUC, T1/2 in 08∶00 group rats were significantly higher than that of rats in 20∶00 group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The pharmacokinetic parameters CL in the 20∶00 group rats were significantly higher than 08∶00 group rats (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Medication at different times of day and night has a certain degree of influence on the pharmacokinetics of MEL in non-dipper SHR rats. From the perspective of pharmacokinetics, the mechanism of MEL restoring blood pressure rhythm is partly elucidated, which provides a theoretical basis for the rational use of drugs in clinic.
    PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway participates in the protective effect of adenosine A1R-mediated propofol on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
    XIA Honglian, ZHONG Weiwei, JIN Peng, CHEN Meng, LIU Zaiying, ZHANG Yanli
    2020, 25(12):  1344-1350.  doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2020.12.004
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    AIM: To investigate the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway involved in the protective effect and mechanism of propofol on the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.  METHODS: There were 72 healthy male SD rats. All rats established a model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury according to the Zea Longa method and were randomly divided into six groups (n=12), A-sham operation group, B-model group (MCAO), C-Propofol group, D-Propofol+adenosine A1R antagonist group (DPCPX), E-Propofol group+PI3K specific inhibitor (LY294002), F-Propofol+GSK3β inhibitor group (SB216763). The neurological scores of rats 24 h after operation, LDF monitors changes in cerebral blood flow before and after embolization were observed. The TTC staining method was used to detect the cerebral infarction volume of rats in each group; HE staining method was used to observe the morphological changes of the rat brain tissue; Immunohistochemical method was used to detect Bcl-2 positive cells expression; TUNEL was used to detect cerebral cortex ischemia in each group. The percentage of neuronal apoptotic cells. RESULTS: Compared with group A, the behaviors, cerebral infarction volume, apoptosis rate, and Bcl-2 protein expression of rats in groups B, C, D, E, and F all increased (P<0.05); compared with group C, the behavioral scores, cerebral infarction volume and apoptosis rate of rats in groups B, D and E all increased significantly, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was decreased significantly (P<0.01), but the expression of Bcl-2 protein in group F was increased, cell apoptosis rate decreased (P<0.05), behavior score and infarcts decreased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The neuroprotective effect of propofol mediated by adenosine A1R on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats may be related to the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signal transduction pathway.
    Identification of myelodysplastic syndromes related long noncoding RNA by bioinformatics
    LIU Jianhui, ZHOU Genhong, LI Chunlin, BAO Meihua, LIU Fangyi
    2020, 25(12):  1351-1356.  doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2020.12.005
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    AIM: To identify the differentially expressed lncRNAs related to myelodysplastic syndromes by method of bioinformatics.  METHODS: The GSE145733 was downloaded from GEO database; the differentially expressed lncRNAs were screened out by GEO2R. miRNA and mRNA associated with the differentially expressed lncRNAs were analyzed by the platform miRDB. lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed and visualized by Cytoscape software. We annotated and enriched the lncRNAs to biological functions and pathways by GO and KEGG tools. RESULTS: Five differentially expressed lncRNAs were screened out. These lncRNAs were associated with 19 miRNAs and 84 mRNAs. They mainly affected the functions such as substance synthesis and transportation, gene transcription, and nervous system. CONCLUSION: We discovered the lncRNA expression characteristics in MDS patients, predicted the functions of these lncRNAs, which may provide new drug targets for the precise medication in MDS. 
    Bioequivalence of norfloxacin tablets in Chinese Healthy volunteers under Fasting and Fed Condition
    YANG Dandan, CHEN Jinliang, WU Jinlian, CHEN Jing, LOU Honggang, RUAN Zourong, JIANG Bo
    2020, 25(12):  1357-1362.  doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2020.12.006
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    AIM: To compare the bioavailability of norfloxacin tablets produced by Zhejiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd with the original product BACCIDAL, and to evaluate bioequivalence of two formulations, a randomized, open, two-cycle, self-crossing trial in healthy Chinese population was designed.  METHODS: Under fasting and fed conditions, healthy volunteers were given a single dose of norfloxacin test or reference tablets for 100 mg. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method were used to determine drug concentration in the plasma taken at different time points before and after dosing. Pharmacokinetic parameters and the bioequivalence of the two formulations were calculated by WinNonlin 7.0 software. RESULTS: A total of 28 healthy volunteers were enrolled and completed the fasting test. The pharmacokinetic parameters for test and reference preparations in fasting state were as follows: Cmax were (607.62±125.24) ng/mL and (552.01±134.11) ng/mL; AUC0-t were (2 551.66±509.08) ng·mL-1·h and (2 429.98±460.47) ng·mL-1·h; AUC0-∞ were (2 675.40±523.04) and (2 557.68±485.43) ng·mL-1·h, t1/2  were (6.07±0.69) and (6.18±0.92) h. The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratio of Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ for the test and reference preparations of norfloxacin tablets taken by healthy volunteers under fasting condition were 101.45%-121.94%, 98.96%-111.27% and 98.82%-110.76%. The pharmacokinetic parameters for test and reference preparations in fed state were as follows: Cmax were (256.54±58.87) and (300.80±94.67) ng/mL; AUC0-t were (1 314.74±349.92) and (1 278.60±314.77) ng·mL-1·h; AUC0-∞ were (1 413.73±361.98) and (1 374.98±321.62) ng·mL-1·h, t1/2 were (6.66±1.23) and (6.66±1.34) h. The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratio of Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ for the test and reference preparations of norfloxacin tablets taken by healthy volunteers under fed condition were 81.42%-93.56%, 99.61%-105.58% and 99.80%-105.21%. CONCLUSION: The test preparation of norfloxacin tablets and the reference preparation are bioequivalent, and they can be used interchangeably clinically. 
    Bioequivalence study of cetirizine hydrochloride tablets under fasting and fed conditions
    HU Chaoying, GAO Dan, GAO Linyan, WAN Yanfei, GAO Bei, LI Lin, ZHANG Lan
    2020, 25(12):  1363-1368.  doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2020.12.007
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    AIM: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of cetirizine hydrochloride tablets under fasting and fed conditions in Chinese healthy subjects.  METHODS: This was a randomized, open-label, double-sequence, two-period, crossover designed study, and healthy subjects enrolled and administrated a single dose of 10 mg test and reference cetirizine hydrochloride tablets in each period under fasting or fed condition. The plasma concentrations of cetirizine were determined by a validated LC-MS/MS method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with WinNonlin 6.3 and the bioequivalence was evaluated through SAS 9.4 software. RESULTS: In the fasting condition, the major pharmacokinetic parameters of cetirizine of test and reference formulations were as follows, Cmax were (402±84) and (379±53) ng/mL, AUC0-t were (2 520±491) and (2 455±480) ng·mL-1·h, AUC0-∞ were (2 623±483) and (2 608±441) ng·mL-1·h, respectively. Subjects administrated test and reference formulations in fed condition had a Cmax of (221±55) and (221±36) ng/mL, an AUC0-t of (2 046±524) and (2067±513) ng·mL-1·h, AUC0-∞ were (2 142±508) and (2 165±500) ng·mL-1·h, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals of geometric mean ratios were all within the bioequivalence range of 80.00%-125.00%. CONCLUSION: The test formulation of cetirizine hydrochloride was bioequivalent to the reference product both under fasting and fed conditions.
    Bioequivalence of rosuvastatin calcium tablets in Chinese healthy subjects
    Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GCP Center Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, Shenyang , Liaonning, China
    2020, 25(12):  1369-1375.  doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2020.12.008
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    AIM: To study the bioequivalence of rosuvastatin calcium tablets produced by two different manufacturers on a fasting and postprandial basis in Chinese healthy subjects.  METHODS: A single-center, randomized, balanced, open, two-sequence, two-cycle, double-crossover, and single-dose trial design was used in this study. Each of the fasting group and the postprandial group was enrolled in 52 healthy subjects. Fasting/postprandial oral rosuvastatin calcium tablets 10 mg test preparation or reference preparation, the validated LC-MS/MS method was used to determine the concentration of rosuvastatin calcium tablets in plasma, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Human bioequivalence and safety evaluation of two rosuvastatin calcium tablets were evaluated. RESULTS: The t1/2 of the test preparation and the reference preparation in the fasting group were (10.1±3.9) h and (11.4±7.6) h, the tmax was (3.9±1.1) h and (3.9±1.1) h, and the Cmax was (8.4±3.8) ng/mL and (8.3±4.2) ng/mL, AUC0-72 were (75.8±34.7) ng·mL-1·h and (73.2±33.2) ng·mL-1·h, AUC0-∞ were (77.4±34.9) ng·mL-1·h and (75.2±33.2) ng·mL-1·h; the geometric mean ratio of the major pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, AUC0-72, AUC0-∞ of the 51 subjects included in the BES (test preparation/reference preparation) 90% confidence interval statistical results were acceptable. Within the equivalent range, they were 95.47%-109.71%, 98.68%-110.57%, and 98.31%-109.50%, respectively. The t1/2 of the test preparation and the reference preparation in the postprandial administration group were (16.7±12.8) h and (14.5±5.5) h, the tmax was (3.8±1.5) h and (3.7±1.4) h, and the Cmax was (5.9±2.9) ng/mL and (5.6±2.7) ng/mL, AUC0-72 were (64.0±33.4) ng·mL-1·h and (62.2±32.0) ng·mL-1·h, AUC0-∞  were (67.9±33.5) ng·mL-1·h and (65.5±31.9) ng·mL-1·h. The statistical results of the 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratios (test preparations/reference preparations) of Cmax, AUC0-72, AUC0-∞ were 98.91%-110.68%, 99.70%-108.03%, and 99.83%-108.32%. CONCLUSION: Rosuvastatin calcium test preparation and reference preparation are bioequivalent in fasting and postprandial state. Taking a high-fat meal has no effect on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Rosuvastatin calcium tablets. Rosuvastatin calcium tablets can be taken with or without food.
    Preliminary association of individual different plasma pazopanib concentration with CYP3A4 gene polymorphism
    WU Maofeng, LIU Chang, DAI Huihui, MAI Zhangfeng, HUANG Danli, MIAO Jingwei, LIU Lizhong, FANG Yi
    2020, 25(12):  1376-1380.  doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2020.12.009
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    AIM: To study the pharmacokinetics (PK) of pazopanib tablets and explore the genetic mechanism of individual differences in drug metabolism primarily.  METHODS: Fourteen healthy male subjects were respectively administrated with a single dose pazopanib tablet (200 mg) orally on the day of dosing, and their blood samples were collected from baseline to 96 hours. The serum concentration of pazopanib was measured by LC-MS/MS, the parameters of PK were calculated by winnonlin 6.3 software, and the gene polymorphism of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) was determined by snapshot method. RESULTS: The range of Cmax was (7 361.65-26 081.00) ng/mL, with an average±sd of (15 410.72±6 366.21) ng/mL; the range of tmax was (1.50-4.00) h, with an average±sd of (2.50±0.83) h; AUC0-t range was (228 013.55-775 231.63) ng·mL-1·h, average±sd was (516 279.90±175 688.41) ng·mL-1·h; tmax could differ by more than 2 times between individuals, and Cmax and AUC could differ by more than 3 times. CYP3A4 site (rs35599367) of 14 subjects were all wild-type. CONCLUSION: The pazopanib tablets have large individual differences among Chinese healthy male volunteers, but no CYP3A4 (rs35599367) polymorphism differences were observed in this study. Individual PK differences of pazopanib may be related to polymorphisms of other drug metabolism related genes.
    Comparison of the calculation approaches of AUC in non-compartment model pharmacokinetics
    CHEN Chao, ZHENG Qingshan, LI Lujin, LI Xue, XU Ling
    2020, 25(12):  1381-1387.  doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2020.12.010
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    AIM: To study the ways of calculating area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) in non-compartment model pharmacokinetics by comparing the accuracy & precision of every method.  METHODS: Three methods were used to calculate the area under 0-T curve (AUC0-t) in G drug equivalence test. (1) Linear method (2) Linear/Log method: Data before the maximum blood concentration (Cmax) was calculated by the linear trapezoid rule, and those after Cmax by logarithmic trapezoid rule (3) Linear Up/Log Down: The ascending part of the curve was calculated by the linear trapezoid rule, and the descending part by logarithmic trapezoid. Equivalence criterion of AUC0-t after logarithmic transformation is 80.0%-125.0%, and differences between three methods were compared on simulated data. RESULTS: Both the AUC0-t and equivalence analysis results show difference between three methods, in these 24 subjects took G drug of two preparations. Furthermore, Linear and Linear Up/Log Down method have the equivalent conclusion, while not the Linear/Log method. AUC0-t showed great difference in small sample of simulation data, contrast to slight difference in the large sample data case. CONCLUSION: Linear Up/Log Down method is more appropriate for oral administration and multi-peak curves,and Linear calculation is more effective to get stable results in small sample size test or pre-test,while Linear/log method is not so often used. In addition, bioequivalence research should be included in AUC calculation in the analysis plan.
    Efficacy and safety of apatinib in the further line treatment for patients with advanced colorectal cancer failed after standard therapy and the preliminary analysis of efficacy predictors
    SHI Lili, LIU Xingan, SHAN Guoyong
    2020, 25(12):  1388-1394.  doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2020.12.011
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    AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of apatinib monotherapy in the third line and further line treatment for patients with advanced colorectal cancer failed after standard therapy and the preliminary analysis of efficacy predictors.  METHODS: The required sample size in this study was calculated with the PASS 15.0 software. Advanced colorectal cancer patients failed after standard therapy from May 2017 to October 2018 were included in this study. Patients enrolled in this study were given apatinib either 750 mg or 500 mg monotherapy. The objective remission rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were evaluated after 2 cycles treatment. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated at the follow-up period, and adverse events during treatment were recorded. The prognosis of patients with or without hypertension was analyzed. The primary endpoint of this study was PFS, and second endpoint was ORR, DCR, OS, safety evaluation and efficacy predictor analysis.RESULTS: Of the 51 patients included, 45 patients were available for efficacy and safety evaluation. Of the 45 advanced colorectal cancer received apatinib monotherapy, the objective response rate (ORR) was 11.11%, and the DCR was 77.78%, the median PFS was 3.95 months, the median OS was 10.3 months. And the common adverse reactions were hypertension, hand-foot syndrome, proteinuria and diarrhea. And the adverse reactions above grade 3 with higher incidence were hand-foot syndrome 6 cases (13.33%), hypertension 5 cases (11.11%), proteinuria 3 cases (6.67%) and diarrhea 3 cases (6.67%). PFS of patients with hypertension was significantly longer than that of patients without hypertension, which was statistical difference (P=0.01). CONCLUSION: Patients with advanced colorectal cancer failed the standard therapy and received apatinib treatment had potential clinical benefits, and the overall toxicity profile was manageable. Patients with hypertension might confer a better prognosis.
    Advances in the management of psoriatic arthritis
    TAI Yu, ZHANG Zixuan, ZHANG Lingling
    2020, 25(12):  1395-1407.  doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2020.12.012
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    Psoriatic arthritis (PsA), which affects musculoskeletal structures, skin and nails, is a chronic inflammatory disease. The treatment of PsA has changed tremendously over the past decade owing to the improvement in early diagnosis and treatment strategies. TNF-α blockers, including adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab and infliximab, are representatives of a revolution in the treatment of PsA. Certolizumab (a new anti-TNF agent) and ustekinumab (a fully human monoclonal antibody against IL-12 and IL-23) are approved for the treatment of active PsA. In recent years, multiple small molecule drugs targeting Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway have been developed and applied to treat PsA in clinic. Developing better targeted drugs is an important research direction for the treatment of psA in the future.
    Research progress of linezolid-induced lactic acidosis
    2020, 25(12):  1408-1413.  doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2020.12.013
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    Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antibacterial agent used in infections caused by gram-positive cocci such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, penicillin-resistant pneumococcus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. Lactic acidosis is one of the adverse reactions of linezolid. The risk factors of lactic acidosis caused by linezolid are long-term exposure, liver dysfunction, renal dysfunction, mitochondrial DNA A2706G polymorphism, combined use of drugs affecting mitochondrial function, etc. The symptoms of lactic acidosis caused by linezolid are nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, shortness of breath, tachycardia, and hypotension, etc., which can be identified early by close monitoring of laboratory indicators such as blood lactic acid, pH, and blood drug concentration. The mechanism of lactic acidosis induced by linezolid may be related to mitochondrial toxicity. The lactic acidosis of linezolid can be caused by reducing drug dose, stopping drug or even in vitro renal replacement therapy, and strengthening symptomatic support therapy if necessary. This review is intended to provide ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of lactate acidosis caused by linezolid.
    Research advances of mechanically sensitive ion channel Piezo1 in cardiovascular diseases#br#
    YIN Qing, DU Rongzeng
    2020, 25(12):  1414-1421.  doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2020.12.014
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    Mechanically sensitive ion channels play an important role in the cells' perception of external pressure and the growth of tissues and organs, and participate in the regulation of various cell functions. Among them, Piezo1 is a non-selective mechanically sensitive ion channel, which mainly exists in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. The regulation of vascular function affects the progression of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. This article mainly reviews the role of Piezo1 in cardiovascular diseases, and provides new directions for the clinical intervention research of cardiovascular diseases.
    Common bias and its control in real-world study 
    BAI Liuanning, XIA Jielai, WANG Ling, YUAN Yukun, LI Chen
    2020, 25(12):  1422-1428.  doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2020.12.015
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    The widespread availability real-world study (RWS) offers valuable insights into disease treatment, disease management, and socio-economic status in routine practice, as well as cautionary tales and methodological challenges such as the discovery of sample heterogeneity and bias of data and its correction. This paper summarizes the common bias and its control in the process of design, implementation and analysis for RWS in order to promote the standardization and rationality of the implementation of RWS.
    New progress in drug prevention and treatment of migraine
    YANG Xinyi, ZHANG Jing, LI Nanyang, YANG Haijing, MAO Xiaomeng
    2020, 25(12):  1429-1435.  doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2020.12.016
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    Migraine is a common nervous system disease, which could seriously affect the quality of life. However, the medical treatment of migraine cannot meet the clinical needs at present. With the deepening of research, serotonin 1F receptor agonists and drugs targeting CGRP are more and more developed and marketed. In this paper, the mechanism of action, safety and efficacy, metabolic characteristics of these drugs were systematically evaluated to provide a more scientific basis for clinical prevention and treatment of migraine. 
    Research status of influence of hemodilution on anesthetics and depth of anesthesia
    YIN Lei, GUO Jianrong
    2020, 25(12):  1436-1440.  doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2020.12.017
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    Perioperative autotransfusion and blood protection has become a hot issue in modern medicine. Hemodilution, as an effective method of saving blood, has been widely used in clinical practice. It can reduce the clinical demand for allogeneic blood source and relieve the tension of clinical blood use to a certain extent. However, hemodilution itself will also have a certain impact on human physiological functions; especially it can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anesthetics and the depth of anesthesia. This paper focuses on the effects of hemodilution on anesthetics and anesthesia depth.