关键词: 5岁以下儿童死亡率, 中国, 俄罗斯, 一带一路

Abstract: Objective To analyze the differences between the deaths of children under 5 years old in China and Russia from 1990 to 2017, so as to provide basis for promoting the joint prevention and treatment cooperation between children under 5 years old. Methods Report data on mortality of children under 5 years of age from 1990 to 2017 were extracted from the World Bank database,and report data on death rate by cause of death from 2000 to 2017 were collected from the World Health Organization database.Pearson analysis was used to analyze the trend of mortality in the two countries over time, χ² test was used to examine the difference in annual mortality and cause-specific mortality between China and Russia. Results From 1990 to 2017,both China and Russia's under-five mortality rate and gender mortality rate showed a downward trend(P<0.05),but decline rate of children in China was faster than that of Russia. China's injuries,childbirth injuries and suffocation,acute lower respiratory tract infections,and other infections,perinatal and nutritional status deaths accounted for higher proportions than Russia,while Russia's deaths from premature birth,congenital anomalies,and other non-communicable diseases accounted for higher proportions than China.However,the decline was lower than that in China,and since 2004 the top two causes of death in both countries have been premature birth and congenital abnormalities.The annual HIV/AIDS mortality rate in Russia was higher than that in China(P<0.05).Since 2010,the HIV/AIDS mortality rate and the proportion of death causes have increased,with an average annual growth rate of 16.54%. Conclusions Over the past 28 years,China and Russia have achieved remarkable results in reducing the deaths of children under 5 years old.Compared with Russia,China has a large proportion of infectious and traumatic diseases,and the rapid decline may be the main reason for the rapid decline in the mortality rate of children under 5 years old.Further reducing premature birth and congenital abnormal deaths is the key to decreasing the mortality rate of children under 5 in both countries.Crucially,Russia should also pay attention to HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment for pregnant women.

Key words: under-5 mortality rate, China, Russia, the belt and road