关键词: 变应性鼻炎, 变应原, 特异性IgE, 儿童

Abstract: Objective To explore the distribution and characteristics of serum specific IgE of children with allergic rhinitis(AR) in Dalian,so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis,treatment and epidemiological prevention of AR. Methods The serum specific IgE results of 312 patients with allergic rhinitis aged less than 14 years from August 2014 to July 2020 were analyzed. The distribution of allergens was compared in different groups by gender,number of allergenic positive cases,number of types of allergenic positive and detection time. Results The top three allergens included house dust mite/duster mite (34.1%),mugwormwood (18.6%) and cat (8.9%),while mutton (0.3%),peanut (0.6%) and crab (0.9%) ranked in the last three places. There were 126 patients positive to single allergen and 186 patients positive to double or more allergens(χ²=15.75,P=0.031). Double (47.8%),triple (26.3%) and quadruple (14.0%) were the most common allergens. Pearson correlation test showed that there was a negative correlation between the original number of allergens and the corresponding number of people (r =-0.800,P= 0.017). There was only 1 case with a maximum of 11 allergens positive. Among the patients with the highest proportion of dual allergens,house dust mite/duster mite + mugwort combination was the most,followed by house dust mite/duster mite + cat combination. The top three allergenic species with the most positive cases in both sexes were house dust mite/duster mite,mugwort and cats. The number of male patients positive to some allergens was higher than that in females,including mugworm,house dust mite/dust mite,house dust,dogs,hops,beef and shrimp(χ²=13.64,11.67,9.45,8.63,10.31,8.36,5.37,P＜0.05). Egg white allergen was positive in females more than that in females(χ²=18.67,P=0.027). The number of allergic patients was highest in September (31.41%),August (20.51%) and July (8.01%),when it was the late summer and early autumn in local area,accounting for 59.93% of the total number of patients in the whole year. The month with the lowest number of allergic patients was January (1.60%),March (1.60%) and February (1.88%),when it was the end of winter and the beginning of spring locally,accounting for only 5.08% of the annual number of patients. Conclusion As the common allergens of allergic rhinitis in children in Dalian area,mites,mugwormwood and cats allergens are more prevalent in late summer and early autumn,which should be the focus of local prevention and control.

Key words: allergic rhinitis, allergen, specific IgE, children