关键词: 儿童, 语言, 语音, 声母, 韵母, 家庭语言环境

Abstract: Objective To assess the phonological development of children aged 2 to 6 years, and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods From July 2021 to February 2022, 198 children aged 2 to 6 years who took regular physical examination in Shandong Province Qianfosha Hospital were included in this study, and were divided into 8 groups by age with 0.5 years intervals. Language Development Assessment Scale for Children aged 2 - 6 Years was used to assess the pronunciation of the participants, and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results 1) The initials 'm', 'b', 't' and 'j' were level 1; the initials 'x', 'p', 'n', 'h', 'q', 'g' and 'd' were level 2; the initials 'k', ' f', 'l', 'ch', 'sh', 'zh', 'c', 'z' and 'r' were level 3; and the initials 's' was level 4. Levels 1 to 3 were all met, while level 4 was not. The finals were all up to standard. According to the age group, the initials were partially not up to the standard in children aged 2 - 4 years old, and were up to the standardin children aged 4 to 6 years, the finals reached to the standardin children aged 2.5 to 5.5 years. 2) Picky eating, late age of solid food intake, use of dialect for communication and long screen time were associated with higher rate of initials errors(P＜0.05). Picky eating, semi-liquid diet, primary school education, use of dialect for communication and long screen time on work day were associated with higher rate of finals error(P＜0.05). Conclusions There is a significant correlation between age and Chinese phonetics development. Phonics is learned by the age of 4. Dietary behavior, family language environment, main caregiver and screen time are related to phonetics development of children.

Key words: children, language, Chinese phonetics, initials, finals, family language environment