Abstract: Objective To explore nut intake status and its association with overweight and obesity in school-aged children in China,and to provide evidence basis for developing healthy eating strategies. Methods Nineteen schools (included primary schools,middle schools and high schools) were cluster sampled from Beijing,Hunan and Ningxia urban and rural areas.A self-filled structured questionnaire was used to collect data on nut intake frequencies and portion.The children's data of height and weight were also collected.Body composition in a sub-sample of overweight and obese children (n=193) was measured with a Bio-impedance body composition analyzer (MC-980MA,TANITA,Made in Guangdong,China). Results A total of 4 164 children in grade 5^th to 12^th participated in the investigation (36.3% were overweight or obese).The average age of the participants were (13.2±2.4) years,average body mass index (BMI)(21.0±4.5) kg/m²,and the percent body fat% in overweight and obese children(35.2±7.8)%.About 29.7%,35.5%,11.0% and 23.7% of the children consumed nuts 0 hand/week,1~3 hands/week,4~6 hands/week and more than one hands/day(d) in the previous week of the data collection respectively and the prevalence of overweight and obesity among them was 39.3%,35.0%,36.3% and 35.0%,respectively.There were significant differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among 0 hand/week and other groups (P<0.05).The risk of becoming overweight and obesity was 0.75 times (OR=0.75;95%CI0.61~0.92)compared with those who didn't consume nuts after adjusted for region,gender,grade,parents'education level and family social economic status(SES). Conclusion Consumption of nuts is a potential protection factor for child obesity prevention.

Key words: school-age children, obesity, nut, eating behavior

摘要： 目的 探讨我国中、小学生坚果摄入现状及其与肥胖发生的关联。方法 2012年11月,采用方便样本整群抽样的方法选取北京、湖南、宁夏3个省市的城市和农村中、小学校19所,使用自填式结构问卷收集学生过去一周食用坚果的情况(一周几把)。通过学校体检记录和现场测量两种方式获得身高、体重数据,采用生物电阻抗体成分测量仪MC-980(TANITA,中国广州东莞百利达健康器材有限公司生产)测量部分超重肥胖儿童的体脂肪率。采用多因素Logistic回归方法,在控制地区、城乡、性别、年级、父母受教育程度和家庭经济情况等因素的影响后,分析坚果摄入行为与肥胖发生的关系。结果 4 164名9~18岁儿童少年提供合格问卷。平均年龄(13.2±2.4)岁,平均体质指数(body mass index,BMI)(21.0±4.5)kg/m²。超重肥胖者占36.3%,超重肥胖儿童平均体脂率(fat%):(35.2±7.8)%。过去一周吃过坚果的比例为70.3%。儿童过去一周没吃坚果者超重肥胖发生率明显高于吃坚果者(P<0.05),而每天吃坚果的多少与肥胖发生率未见明显剂量-反应关系(P>0.05)。Logistic多元回归分析结果发现:每天摄入坚果1把及以上,发生超重肥胖的危险性是过去一周没吃坚果学生的0.75倍(95%CI:0.61～0.92)。结论 不吃坚果是儿童少年发生超重肥胖的独立危险因素。

关键词: 中小学生, 肥胖, 坚果, 饮食行为