Abstract: Objective To investigate the sleep quality of preschool children who were born preterm in Shanghai,in order to provide reference for improving the sleep quality of premature infants. Methods A total of 8 586 children from 20 kindergartens were selected from May to June 2018 by a random cluster sampling survey,of whom 848 were preterm infants.A questionnaire was applied to investigate basic information about preterm children and their families,sleep habits and sleep disorders about children. Results The incidence of sleep problems was 96.9%,and serious sleep problems rate was 45.9% in 848 preschool children who were born preterm in Shanghai.The most common sleep problems included fear of going to bed (74.3%),snoring (64.9%) and difficulty in falling asleep (56.6%).The incidence of bruxism in boys(54.7%) was significantly higher than that in girls(41.4%)(χ²=14.717,P＜0.001).The average length of sleep was (1.59±0.66) hours in the daytime,(9.19±0.92)hours in the night,and(10.78±1.10)hours in the whole day on average.With the growth of the age,there was a significant decrease in the sleeping time of daytime and whole day(F=15.573,8.086,P＜0.001).With the increase of age,the incidence of night terrors(F=18.745,P＜0.001) and daytime sleepiness(F=1.044,P=0.791)decreased,while the incidence of growth pain increased(F=4.134,P=0.227).The detection rate of sleep insufficiency in preschool children who were born preterm in Shanghai was 16.3%,which gradually increased with age. Conclusions Sleep problems,comorbidity of multiple sleep problems,and sleep insufficiency are prevalent in preschool children who were born preterm in Shanghai.Therefore,the sleep quality of preschool children born preterm in Shanghai can not be ignored,and should be given more concern.

Key words: premature infants, preschool children, sleep quality

摘要： 目的 对上海市早产儿学龄前期睡眠质量现状进行调查,为探索如何改善早产儿睡眠质量提供参考。方法 2018年5-6月随机整群抽取上海市20所幼儿园8 586名儿童进行调查,其中早产儿共848名,对家长进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括儿童及其家庭基本情况、睡眠习惯和睡眠问题等。结果 上海市848名早产儿学龄前期有睡眠问题的发生率为96.9%,睡眠问题较严重的发生率为45.9%。最常见的睡眠问题是:害怕就寝 74.3%,打鼾64.9%,入睡困难56.6%,男童磨牙(54.7%)的发生率显著高于女童(41.4%)(χ²＝14.717,P<0.001)。学龄前期早产儿白天平均睡眠时间为(1.59±0.66)h,夜间为(9.19±0.92)h,全天为(10.78±1.10)h。不同年龄组学龄前期早产儿,白天及全天睡眠时间有随年龄增加而逐年减少的趋势(F=15.573、8.086,P<0.001)。夜惊(F＝18.745,P<0.001)和白天嗜睡(F＝1.044,P＝0.791)随着年龄的增加发生率逐渐降低,生长痛随着年龄的增加发生率逐渐增加(F=4.134,P＝0.227)。睡眠不足的发生率为16.3%,随着年龄的增长睡眠不足的发生率逐渐升高。结论 上海市早产儿学龄前期睡眠问题及多种睡眠问题合并,睡眠不足的发生率较高,早产儿学龄前期睡眠质量状况不容忽视,应重视早产儿的睡眠问题。

关键词: 早产儿, 学龄前儿童, 睡眠质量