Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of early assisted physical exercise and active exercise on physical and neuropsychological development of premature infants and low weight infants,so as to provide evidence for its role in facilitating the development of premature infants and low weight infants. Methods A total of 218 premature infants and low weight infants with gestational age less than 36 weeks or birth weight lower than 2 500 g were enrolled in this study from Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Jin'an District. Infants were divided into different groups according to the frequency and duration of the passive and active motor training based on the willing of their parents. The Gesell Development Scale was used to evaluate the neuropsychological development of the study subjects,and the Gesell scores of the three groups were compared at the corrected age of 6 and 12 months. Results The higher frequency and duration of early assisted physical exercise and active motor training tended to significantly increase the physical measurements and intelligence development quotients of preterm/low weight infants at corrected age of 6 and 12 months (P< 0.05). Compared with the group with training frequency ≤1 d/week,preterm/low weight infants in the 2—3 d/week and ≥4 d/week groups had higher weight,length,and head circumference measurements and higher developmental quotients in the adaptive,gross motor,and fine motor energy areas at the corrected age of 6 and 12 months,except for the head circumference at corrected age 6 months (P<0.05). Compared with the preterm/low birth weight infants who took training for 0—2 months,those who took training for 5—6 months had higher weight and length measurements and higher developmental quotients in the adaptive,fine motor,and social behavioral domains at the corrected age of 6 and 12 months (P<0.05). Conclusion Early assisted physical exercise and active motor training can effectively promote the physical and neuropsychological development of premature infants and low weight infants.

Key words: premature infants, low birth weight infants, assisted physical exercise, active motor training, mental development

摘要： 目的 分析早期被动操结合主动运动训练对早产/低体重儿体格及神经心理发育的影响,为其在早产/低体重儿体格及神经心理发育中的促进作用提供循证依据。方法 选取 2017年7月—2019年7月在金安区妇幼保健院高危儿门诊建档的218名早产/低体重儿作为研究对象,根据家长是否按照要求坚持对早产/低体重儿进行早期(校正6月龄前)被动操及主动运动训练的频率和持续时间不同进行分组,采用Gesell发育量表对研究对象进行神经心理发育评估,比较各组校正6月龄、12月龄时体格发育及Gesell评分情况。结果 早期被动操及主动运动训练频率越高及持续时间越长,早产/低体重儿在校正6月龄与12月龄时其体格测量值及智能发育商数越高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。与训练频率≤1 d/周组相比,除校正6月龄头围外,训练频率2～3 d/周组及≥4 d/周组的早产/低体重儿在校正6月龄及12月龄时体重、身长和头围测量值及适应能力、大运动、精细动作能区发育商数更高(P＜0.05);与持续时间0～2个月组相比,持续时间5～6个月组的早产/低体重儿在校正6月龄及12月龄时体重、身长及适应能力、精细动作、社交行为等能区发育商数更高(P＜0.05)。结论 家长坚持给予早产/低体重儿做被动操及主动运动训练对其体格和神经心理发育具有一定的促进作用。

关键词: 早产儿, 低出生体重儿, 被动操, 主动运动训练, 智能发育