Research progress on growth retardation of infants and toddlers

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2020-2173

Abstract

Abstract: In recent years,the children′s growth retardation rate has been decreased worldwide,but the regional difference is still prominent. The growth retardation rate of children in poor areas of China is still almost 10%. Growth retardation has an impact on children′s physical growth,cognitive development,increases the risk of chronic diseases,decreases their income level in adulthood,and impairs social and economic productivity. The infant and toddler stage is the most prone ages of growth retardation,and also the key window period of intervention for growth retardation. So this review focuses on this stage,analyzes the causes,prevention and intervention methods and common clinical problems of growth retardation in this stage,in order to contribute to the understanding,prevention and intervention of growth retardation.

Key words: infants and toddlers, growth retardation, intervention

摘要： 近年来在世界范围内,儿童生长迟缓率有所下降,但地区差异仍较突出,我国贫困地区儿童生长迟缓率接近10%。生长迟缓影响儿童的体格生长、认知发育以及成年后的慢性疾病风险和收入水平,减损社会经济生产力。婴幼儿时期即是生长迟缓的高发年龄段,也是干预治疗的关键窗口期。本文分析该阶段生长迟缓的原因、预防和干预方法及临床常见的问题,旨在有助于提高对婴幼儿生长迟缓的认识、预防和干预。

关键词: 婴幼儿, 生长迟缓, 预防干预

CLC Number:

R174

WU Hua-hong, LI Yang, LI Hui. Research progress on growth retardation of infants and toddlers[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2021, 29(10): 1105-1108.

武华红, 李阳, 李辉. 婴幼儿生长迟缓的研究进展[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2021, 29(10): 1105-1108.

References

[1] Black RE,Victora CG,Walker SP,et al.Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries[J].Lancet,2013,382 (9890):427-451.
[2] WHO. Global nutrition targets 2025:stunting policy brief[Z].Working Papers,2016.
[3] Islam MS,Zafar Ullah AN,Mainali S,et al.Determinants of stunting during the first 1000 days of life in Bangladesh: a review[J].Food Science & Nutrition,2017,8(9):4685-4695.
[4] Georgiadis A,Penny ME. Child undernutrition: opportunities beyond the first 1000 days[J].Lancet Public Health,2017,2(9):e399.
[5] United Nations Children′s Fund (UNICEF),World Health Organization,International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. Levels and trends in child malnutrition: key findings of the 2020 edition of the joint child malnutrition estimates[R]. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2020. https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-report-2020/
[6] Vaivada T,Akseer N,Akseer S,et al.Stunting in childhood: an overview of global burden,trends,determinants,and drivers of decline[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2020,112(Suppl 2):777-791.
[7] 张亚钦,李辉. 2015年中国九市七岁以下儿童体格发育调查[J].中华儿科杂志,2018,56(3):192-199.
[8] Yu DM,Zhao LY,Yang ZY,et al.Comparison of undernutrition prevalence of children under 5 years in China between 2002 and 2013[J].Biomed Environ Sci,2016,29(3):165-176.
[9] 丁心悦,于冬梅,赵丽云.中国婴幼儿生长迟缓患病现况及与喂养行为关系[J].中国公共卫生,2018,34(5):665-668.
[10] 张亚钦,李辉,武华红,等. 中国九市七岁以下儿童生长迟缓状况调查研究[J].中华儿科杂志,2020,58(3):194-200.
[11] Zhang Y,Huang X,Yang Y,et al.Double burden of malnutrition among children under 5 in poor areas of China[J].PLoS One,2018,13(9):e0204142.
[12] Zong XN,Li H. Physical growth of children and adolescents in China over the past 35 years[J].Bull World Health Organ,2014,92(8):555-564.
[13] Li Z,Kim R,Vollmer S,et al. Factors associated with child stunting,wasting,and underweight in 35 low- and middle-income countries[J].JAMA Netw Open,2020,3(4):e203386.
[14] Rakotomanana H,Komakech JJ,Walters CN,et al.The WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) indicators for water supply,sanitation and hygiene and their association with linear growth in children 6 to 23 months in east africa[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2020,17(17):6262.
[15] Lee AC,Katz J,Blencowe H,et al.National and regional estimates of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age in 138 low-income and middle-income countries in 2010[J].Lancet Glob Health,2013,1(1):e26-e36.
[16] 武丽,舒艳铃,吴明洋,等. 母亲身高与不良出生结局关联性分析[J].中国公共卫生,2020,36(9):1318-1322.
[17] Kozuki N,Lee AC,Silveira MF,et al.The associations of birth intervals with small-for-gestational-age,preterm,and neonatal and infant mortality: a meta-analysis[J].BMC Public Health,2013,13(Suppl 3):3.
[18] Fall CH,Sachdev HS,Osmond C,et al.Association between maternal age at childbirth and child and adult outcomes in the offspring: a prospective study in five low-income and middle-income countries (COHORTS collaboration)[J].Lancet Glob Health,2015,3(7):e366-e377.
[19] Ickes SB,Hurst TE,Flax VL. Maternal literacy,facility birth,and education are positively associated with better infant and young child feeding practices and nutritional status among Ugandan children[J].J Nutr,2015,145 (11):2578-2586.
[20] Black RE,Allen LH,Bhutta ZA,et al.Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences[J].Lancet,2008,371 (9608):243-260.
[21] Engebretsen IM,Jackson D,Fadnes LT,et al.Growth effects of exclusive breastfeeding promotion by peer counsellors in sub-Saharan Africa: the cluster-randomised PROMISE EBF trial[J].BMC Public Health,2014,14:633.
[22] 宗心南,李辉,张亚钦,等. 中国九市不同喂养方式婴儿体格生长水平的横断面调查[J].中国循证儿科杂志,2020,15(2):108-113.
[23] Doak CM,van der Starre RE,van Beusekom I,et al.Earlier introduction of aguitas is associated with higher risk of stunting in infants and toddlers in the Western Highlands of Guatemala[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2013,97(3):631-636.
[24] Jones AD,Ickes SB,Smith LE,et al.World Health Organizationinfant and young child feeding indicators and their associations with child anthropometry: a synthesis of recent findings[J].Matern Child Nutr,2014,10(1):1-17.
[25] Siekmans K,Bégin F,Situma R,et al.The potential role of micronutrient powders to improve complementary feeding practices[J].Matern Child Nutr,2017,13(Suppl 2):e12464.
[26] Park JJH,Harari O,Siden E,et al.Interventions to improve linear growth during complementary feeding period for children aged 6-24 months living in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and network meta-analysis[J].Gates Open Res,2020,3:1660.
[27] Dasi T,Selvaraj K,Pullakhandam R,et al.Animal source foods for the alleviation of double burden of malnutrition in countries undergoing nutrition transition[J].Anim Front,2019,9(4):32-38.
[28] Arini D,Nursalam N,Mahmudah M,et al.The incidence of stunting,the frequency/duration of diarrhea and acute respiratory infection in toddlers[J].J Public Health Res,2020,9(2):1816.
[29] Rukambile E,Muscatello G,Sintchenko V,et al.Determinants of diarrhoeal diseases and height-for-age Z-scores in children under five years of age in rural central Tanzania[J].J Prev Med Hyg,2020,61(3):e409-e423.
[30] Hobbs CB,Skinner AC,Burks AW,et al.Food allergies affect growth in children[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract,2015,3(1):133-134.
[31] Skypala IJ,McKenzie R. Nutritional issues in food allergy[J].Clin Rev Allergy Immunol,2019,57(2):166-178.
[32] Zhang M,Wang L,Huang R,et al.Risk factors of malnutrition in Chinese children with congenitalheart defect[J].BMC Pediatr,2020,20 (1):213.
[33] 李辉.遗传性疾病与儿童生长发育障碍[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2016,24(10):1009-1011.
[34] 刘丽珍,武庆斌.比较牛奶激发试验与血清特异性抗体诊断婴幼儿牛奶蛋白过敏的临床研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2017,25(10):1047-1050.