Clinical study on long-term prognosis of premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0185

Abstract

Abstract: Objective To analyze the long-term development, respiratory diseases and dynamic changes of tidal pulmonary function in preterm infants with different degrees of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), in order to provide theoretical basis for early intervention and treatment for the long-term adverse prognosis of BPD children. Methods A total of 80 premature infants with BPD admitted to the Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2017 to June 2019 were selected into observation group.According to the BPD classification, infants were divided into grade Ⅰ BPD group (n=45) andⅡ and Ⅲ BPD group (n=35).Meanwhile,50 non BPD children with the same gestational age and weight in the same period were selected as the control group.The incidence of respiratory tract infection and other diseases were compared, and the lung function parameters of the three groups were compared before 1 year old. Results There were significant differences in weight, height and head circumference between the three groups at 1 month and 6 months (corrected age of 1 month old: F=7.616, 10.942, 24.381; corrected age of 6 months old: F=3.795, 9.569, 4.481, P<0.05).There were significant differences in the number of lower respiratory tract infections, wheezing times and hospitalization times at corrected age of 6 months old among the three groups (F=17.750, 19.212, 7.384, P<0.05).In terms of the long function, there were significant differences in respiratory rate (RR), inspiratory/expiratory ratio (Ti/TE), time to peak (tPF%tE) and volume to peak (VPF%VE) among the three groups (corrected age of 1 month old: F=7.861, 9.909, 7.021, 6.825; corrected age of 6 months old: F=9.399, 6.545, 7.287, 5.538; corrected age of 1 year old: F=6.962, 8.099, 4.752, 8.549,P＜0.05).Among them, the tPF%tE and VPF%VE of BPD group were lower than those of non-BPD group at corrected age of 1 month old (P< 0.05).Only the tPF%tE and VPF%VE of BPD group were lower than those of non-BPD group at corrected age of 6 months and 1 year old (P< 0.05). Conclusions Children with BPD are more likely to have growth retardation, high respiratory prevalence and high tidal lung obstruction.

Key words: bronchopulmonary dysplasia, preterm infants, lung function

摘要： 目的分析不同程度支气管肺发育不良(BPD)早产儿矫正年龄1岁前生长发育、呼吸系统疾病发病情况及潮气肺功能动态变化,为识别BPD患儿远期不良预后以期进行早期干预及治疗提供理论依据。方法收集2017年1月—2019年6月入住青岛大学附属医院新生儿科的BPD早产儿80例为观察组,根据BPD分级分为Ⅰ级BPD组和Ⅱ、Ⅲ级BPD组分别为45例、35例,并选取同期住院且胎龄、体重相当的非BPD患儿50例为对照组,比较三组患儿矫正年龄1岁前生长发育情况及住院次数、喘息、下呼吸道感染等疾病发生情况,并比较三组患儿矫正年龄1岁前肺功能参数的不同。结果矫正1月龄、6月龄时,三组患儿体重、身高、头围相比较,差异具有统计学意义(矫正1月龄:F=7.616、10.942、24.381;矫正6月龄:F=3.795、9.569、4.481,P＜0.05)。矫正年龄1岁内,三组患儿下呼吸道感染次数、喘息次数、住院次数比较,差异有统计学意义(F=17.750、19.212、7.384,P＜0.05)。三组患儿肺功能比较,在呼吸频率(RR)、吸呼比(TI/TE)、达峰时间比(tPF%tE)和达峰容积比(VPF%VE)比较,差异具有统计学意义(矫正1月龄:F=7.861、9.909、7.021、6.825;矫正6月龄:F=9.399、6.545、7.287、5.538;矫正1岁:F=6.962、8.099、4.752、8.549,P＜0.05),其中,矫正1月龄时,Ⅰ级与Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级BPD组tPF%tE和VPF%VE均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);矫正6月龄、1岁时,仅Ⅱ、Ⅲ级BPD组tPF%tE和VPF%VE低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 BPD患儿更易发生生长发育迟缓,呼吸系统患病率高,潮气肺功能阻塞程度重。

关键词: 支气管肺发育不良, 早产儿, 肺功能

CLC Number:

R722.6

LI Rui, JIN Rong, LI Li-li, SHAO Guang-hua, LIU Dong-yun. Clinical study on long-term prognosis of premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2021, 29(12): 1359-1362.

李瑞, 金蓉, 李丽丽, 邵光花, 刘冬云. 早产儿支气管肺发育不良远期预后的临床研究[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2021, 29(12): 1359-1362.

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