Abstract: Objective To investigate the level of self-awareness of children with developmental delay, and to explore the mediating role of anxiety in family cohesion and self-awareness. Methods Convenience sampling method was adopted to select 200 children with developmental retardation from July 2019 to April 2021. General information questionnaire, Family Adaptability Cohesion Scale, Second Edition (FACES-II), DSM-5 Level 2-Anxiety-Child Age 11 - 17 and Children's Self-Consciousness Scale were used to investigate. Results The total score of self-consciousness in 200 children with developmental delay was 45.87±4.15. Family cohesion was negatively correlated with the total score of self-consciousness (r＝-0.607, P<0.01), and positively related to anxiety of children (r=0.416, P<0.001).There was a negative correlation between anxiety of children and self-consciousness (r＝-0.367, P<0.01). The mediating effect test showed that the anxiety of children played a partial mediating role in the relationship between family cohesion and self-consciousness, with 95%CI (-0.257,-0.043). The mediating effect value was -0.077, accounting for 9.50% of the total effect. Conclusions The self-awareness of children with developmental delay is low. More attention should be paid to anxiety of these children. Meanwhile, a good family atmosphere and harmonious parent-child relationship are helpful to improve the mental health and self-awareness of children with developmental delay.

Key words: developmental delay, family cohesion, self-consciousness, anxiety, mediation

摘要： 目的 调查发育迟缓儿童的自我意识水平,并探讨焦虑在家庭亲密度与自我意识的中介作用。方法 采取便利抽样法,于2019年7月—2021年4月抽取辽宁省某医院儿科门诊就诊和复查的200例发育迟缓儿童作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查问卷、家庭亲密度与适应性量表(FACES-Ⅱ)、儿童焦虑量表与儿童自我意识量表进行调查。结果 200例发育迟缓儿童的自我意识总分为45.87±4.15,FACES-Ⅱ得分与自我意识总分呈负相关 (r＝-0.607,P＜0.01);FACES-Ⅱ得分与儿童焦虑呈正相关(r=0.416,P＜0.001);儿童焦虑与自我意识呈负相关(r＝-0.367,P＜0.01)。中介效应检验结果显示,儿童焦虑在家庭亲密度对自我意识之间存在显著的部分中介效应,95%CI为(-0.257,-0.043)。中介效应值为-0.077,占总效应的9.50%。 结论 发育迟缓儿童自我意识较低,要重点关注对儿童焦虑情绪的疏导,营造良好的家庭氛围和融洽的亲子关系,提高发育迟缓儿童心理健康与自我意识水平。

关键词: 发育迟缓, 家庭亲密度, 自我意识, 焦虑, 中介作用