Abstract: Objective To know about the status quo of child nursing risks for 0- to 3-year-old children in Jiaxing city, in order to provide appropriate parenting suggestions for the families with children aged 0 to 3 years. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in children aged 0 to 3 years who took physical examination at all child health clinics in Jiaxing city from 1st June to 31st July, 2020. Parents used their mobile phones to fill the Nursing Risk Questionnaire and the social demographic status online. Then family intervention guide was given according to the risk factors. Results A total of 9 384 families with 0- to 3-year-old children were investigated. The detection rate of positive parenting risk was 40.83%(43.11% for boys and 38.32% for girls),49.1% for mothers with middle school education only,40.68% for mothers with high school or college education and 33.51% for those with bachelor degree or above. Those with higher maternal education had a significantly lower positive rate of parenting risk(χ²=124.062,P＜0.001). There was no significant difference between urban and rural family, as well as different parity(P＞0.05). Boys had more rearing risks than girls and mothers with lower education had more rearing risks than those with higher education(χ²=22.247,124.062, P＜0.001). There was no significant difference in rearing risk numbers between urban and rural family, as well as among different parity groups.The top parenting risk factor for infants included rarely having lean meat or eggs everyday(8.95% - 14.90%),no picture books at home(5.27% - 11.88%), nutritional disease(5.77% - 8.02%),not giving the iron-rich food(5.19% - 6.80%), rarely talking or telling story with children(3.60% - 8.02%). Conclusions Currently, infants and young children aged 0 to 3 are generally at risk of poor parenting. Professionals need to strengthen health education and rearing risk screening, especially for boys and families with lower maternal education. Health education of infants' food supplement, early exposure to books and responsive care giving should be stressed to avoid avoidable risks in family parenting, thereby protecting the health of infants and young children physically and mentally.

Key words: infants, parenting risk, family parenting, parenting care

摘要： 目的 了解嘉兴市0~3岁婴幼儿养育风险现状,为婴幼儿家庭提供针对性的养育指导。方法 采用横断面调查方法,2020年6月1日—7月31日期间在嘉兴地区所有儿童保健门诊体检的0~3岁儿童为研究对象,家长现场用手机问卷星填写《养育风险问卷》以及人口学和家庭基本情况,根据风险因素给予家庭干预指导。 结果 共调查9 384例0~3岁婴幼儿家庭。养育风险筛查阳性率40.83%,男童高于女童(43.11% vs 38.32%);初中及以下学历母亲阳性率49.11%,高中及大专40.68%,本科及以上33.51%,随着学历增加养育风险阳性率下降,差异有统计学意义(χ²=124.062,P＜0.001),城镇与农村、一胎与二胎及以上家庭筛查阳性率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。男童家庭养育风险数量多于女童家庭,差异有统计学意义(χ²=22.247,P＜0.001),低学历家庭养育风险数量多于高学历家庭,差异有统计学意义(χ²=124.062,P＜0.001),城镇与农村、一胎与二胎及以上家庭在家庭养育风险数上差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。在不同家庭因素分组比较中发现,不同分组中第一位养育风险因素均相同:儿童每天很少食用瘦肉或鸡蛋(8.95%~14.90%),其余前4位分别为家中没有图画书(5.27%~11.88%)、儿童有营养不良(5.77%~8.02%)、没有给儿童吃富含铁的食物(5.19%~6.80%)、很少跟儿童说话、讲故事(3.60%~8.02%)。结论 现阶段0~3岁婴幼儿普遍存在养育风险,各级专业人员亟需加强健康教育与筛查,尤其是男童及母亲学历较低家庭,在开展养育照护工作时应重视辅食添加及辅食质量的宣教,同时强调早期图书接触及回应性照护的重要性,规避家庭养育中可避免的风险,促进婴幼儿身心健康发展。

关键词: 婴幼儿, 养育风险, 家庭养育, 养育照护