Abstract: 【Objective】 To analyse risk factors of neonates hearing loss. 【Methods】 Hearing diagnosis were performed among those neonates who failed second screening, acoustic impedance, distort product otoacoustic emission and auditory brainstem response were used to complete diagnosis. The diagnosis time was beneath 3 months age. 【Results】 Different degrees of hearing loss (including conductive hearing loss initiated by secretory otitis media) were detected in 256 neonates, serious hearing loss rate was 1.45‰. The occurrence rate of secretory otitis media was higher in hearing loss group than that in normal hearing group(χ²=57.18,P<0.001). Multivariate condition Logistic regression showed that family history was independent risk factor of hearing loss during case control study. 【Conclusions】 Half of hearing loss neonates were found secretory otitis media among the first diagnosis, family history is risk factor of neonates hearing loss. Maternal and Child Health Missions should be emphasized.

Key words: hearing loss, secretory otitis media, neonate, hearing screening, auditory brainstem response

摘要： 【目的】 分析听力筛查未通过的新生儿听力损失的高危因素,为今后的防治工作提供依据。 【方法】 对复筛未通过的新生儿在出生后3月内用脑干听觉诱发电位仪、声导抗、诊断型耳声发射进行听力障碍的诊断。 【结果】 43 568例新生儿复筛未通过者802例,进行初次诊断者660例,其中256人出现不同程度的听力损失(含分泌性中耳炎导致的传导性听力损失),重度聋在听力筛查儿中的发生率为1.45‰。分泌性中耳炎发生率在听力损失组与听力正常组间差异统计学意义(χ²=57.18,P<0.001)。1∶1配对的病例对照多因素分析显示听力损失家族史是听力损失的独立危险因素。 【结论】 听力筛查未通过的新生儿中,约一半听力损失伴有分泌性中耳炎,听力损失家族史是新生儿听力损失高危因素,应加强妇幼保健宣教。

关键词: 听力损失, 分泌性中耳炎, 新生儿, 听力筛查, 脑干听觉诱发电位