Abstract: Objective To understand the temperament characteristics of preschoolers and its influencing factors in Urumqi.Methods According to the stratified sampling,Behavioral Style Questionnaire(BSQ) was used to 3~7 years old children of 12 kindergartens,and method of multiple linear regression was used to analyse the influence factors.Results Boys' activity level was higher than girls',and the intensity of girl's response was more intense,reaction threshold tended to be low 3~4 years old children's activity levels were higher than the rest of the ages,and 6~7 years old children were more regular,persistence and focus compared to other age groups.The rhythmicity and adaptability of poor health children were poor and the recation threshold tended to be low.Children spent less time with father were more likely to retreat,and children with a long time mother company showed positive adaptability,concentration and emotional nature,and the good relationship of their parents would be beneficial to the further development of children's temperament.Conclusions Environmental factors can influence the temperament types of preschoolers.It is important to concerne about preschoolers temperament characteristics,and create a good environment to promote children's health level.

Key words: Urumqi, preschoolers, temperament, influence factor

摘要： 目的 了解乌鲁木齐市学龄前儿童的气质特点及影响因素。方法 随机选取12所幼儿园,用3~7岁儿童气质问卷进行调查,同时采用多重线性回归进行分析。结果 男童活动水平高于女童,而女童反应强度更为强烈,反应阈倾向于低阈值。3~4岁儿童活动水平较其余年龄段高,而6~7岁儿童相比于其他年龄段更有规律、能坚持和集中注意力。健康状况不好的儿童节律性和适应性较差且反应阈倾向于低阈值。父亲陪伴时间较少时儿童更倾向于退缩,而母亲陪伴时间较多时儿童的适应性、注意力和情绪本质趋向于积极,同时良好的父母关系有助于儿童气质的发展。结论 环境因素影响学龄前儿童的气质类型,关注学龄前儿童的气质特点对促进儿童的健康成长有重要意义。

关键词: 乌鲁木齐, 学龄前儿童, 气质, 影响因素