Abstract: Objective To explore the influence of intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR) on physical development of premature infants,in order to provide scientific reference for early intervention. Methods A total of 449 preterm infants born in Xi'an Fourth Hospital from 2015 to 2017 and filed in Healthcare Center of Children were selected as observation group,of whom 91 cases were small for gestational age(SGA) newborns and 358 were appropriate for gestational age(AGA) infants.Meanwhile,300 full-term neonates were randomly selected as the control group.The physical development monitoring and individualized feeding guidance for three groups of children were followed up to corrected gestational age of 12 months old.The difference on the developmental delay(DD) rate between SGA group and AGA group was analyzed,and the growth rate of three groups of children was compared. Results 1) There was significant difference on the incidence of DD regarding body weight,length,and head circumference of premature infants among different age groups,which decreased with the increasing of age(χ²_SGA=24.242,46.761,9.891,P<0.05;χ²_AGA=17.536,45.763,13.829,P<0.05);2) The rate of DD on body weight,length,and head circumference between SGA and AGA infants at the same age was significantly different(P<0.05).3) The growth rate within corrected age of 6 months old among SGA group,AGA group and full-term infant group was significantly different(P<0.05). Conclusions Preterm infants show catch-up growth after birth,and SGA preterm infants appears to have the strongest catch-up trend.However,20% of SGA preterm infants still have physical retardation at the age of one year old.

Key words: intrauterine growth retardation, premature infants, growth rate, physical development

摘要： 目的 探讨宫内发育迟缓对早产儿体格发育的影响,为早期干预提供科学依据。方法 将2015-2017年在西安市第四医院出生并在儿童保健科建立专案管理的符合入组条件的449例早产儿、作为观察组,其中小于胎龄(SGA)儿91例,适于胎龄(AGA)儿358例;同期随机抽取300名足月儿作为对照组,并对三组儿童进行体格发育监测及个体化喂养指导,随访至纠正12月龄,分析SGA组与AGA组后期生长发育迟缓发生率以及三组儿童生长速率之间是否存在不同。 结果 1)早产儿生后不同月龄体重、身长、头围生长发育迟缓发生率差异有统计学意义,并随月龄的增加呈下降趋势(χ²_SGA=24.242,46.761,9.891,P<0.05;χ²_AGA=17.536,45.763,13.829,P<0.05);2)相同月龄SGA组与AGA组体重、身长、头围生长发育迟缓发生率之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3)纠正6个月以内SGA组、AGA组、足月儿组三组之间生长速率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 早产儿生后呈追赶性生长,SGA早产儿的追赶趋势最强,但有20%的SGA早产儿在1岁时仍存在体格发育迟缓。

关键词: 宫内发育迟缓, 早产儿, 生长速率, 体格发育