Abstract: Objective To explore the intervention modes in preschool children with the type of difficult temperament. Methods The temperament of preschool children were assessed with Carey Child Temperament Questionnaire in a kindergarten of Xicheng District of Beijing.19 preschool children with difficult temperament were selected for the intervention after parents filled in the informed consent.Intervention methoods included parents class and parent-child interaction games.Children temperament were re-evaluated after 8 weeks' intervention.Parents survey was conducted to collect the feedback from parents on the intervention. Results 84.2% children with difficulty temperament were no more with difficulty temperament after intervention.There was significant change of difficult temperament before and after intervention (P=0.000).There was significant change in the temperament dimensions, included approach-withdrawal, adaptability, intensity, and mood (P<0.05).Parents' feedback showed that the intervention achieved the objectives, obtained new knowledge, which was easy to be joined and practical. Conclusions Intervention modes are feasible and effective.The type and dimensions of children temperament in preschool children are changed significantly after intervention.

Key words: preschool children, temperament, intervention

摘要： 目的 探索建立学龄前困难型气质类型儿童的系统性干预方法。方法 对北京市西城区1所幼儿园学前儿童采用《3~7岁儿童气质问卷》评价并确定困难型气质儿童19人, 经家长知情同意后, 采用家长应对式培训、行为干预和亲子游戏等综合性干预措施。干预8周后重新评价儿童的气质, 并采取自编家长反馈表请家长对干预措施进行全面评价。结果 干预后儿童气质困难型比例明显下降, 比较干预前后气质类型的变化, 差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);比较干预前后儿童气质维度的变化, 在趋避性、适应性、反应强度、情绪本质、注意分散度五个气质维度上出现显著变化(P<0.05)。家长反馈结果显示对系统性干预方法满意, 实现了家长的预期目标、家长获得了新的信息, 且干预内容实用、家长易于接受, 100%的家长都支持小组活动的干预形式。结论 采用简单易行、家长易于接受的干预方法, 能使困难型气质儿童的趋避性、适应性、反应强度情绪本质及注意分散维度发生一定程度的改变。

关键词: 学龄前儿童, 气质, 干预