Abstract: Objective To analyse the association between altruistic behavior and inhibitory control and their mechanism. Method A total of 131 preschool children [66 boys and 65 girls,average age (5.1±0.9)] were tested using dictator game,day-night task,bear-dragon task and gift delay task. Results 1)The ability of delay of gratification of children with altruistic behavior was apparently higher than that of children without altruistic behavior (t=-3.392,P<0.001);2) The ability of interference inhibition (F=3.579,P=0.031) and response inhibition (F=4.235,P=0.017) of different level of sharing had a significantly different;3) The ability of delay of gratification was one of indicators of altruistic behavior (χ²=14.745,P=0.001). Conclusions The altruistic behavior of preschool children is different.The ability of delay of gratification between children with/without altruistic behavior is different.

Key words: altruistic behavior, inhibitory control, delay of gratification

摘要： 目的 探索学龄前儿童利他行为与抑制控制能力间的关系和可能的机制问题。方法 通过独裁者游戏(DG)、白天黑夜任务、兔狼任务及礼物延迟任务4种实验范式对131名学龄前儿童[男66名,女65名,平均年龄(5.1±0.9)岁]进行了测试分析。结果 1)具有分享行为儿童的延迟满足能力明显高于无分享行为的儿童(t=-3.392,P<0.001);2)分享程度不同的儿童在冲突抑制(F=3.579,P=0.031)和反应抑制(F=4.235,P=0.017)能力上差异有统计学意义;3)延迟满足是反映入组儿童利他行为的重要指标之一(χ²=14.745,P=0.001)。结论 学龄前儿童的利他行为具有分化特质,不同利他行为儿童的延迟满足能力存在差异。

关键词: 利他行为, 抑制控制, 延迟满足