Table of Content

10 May 2017, Volume 25 Issue 5

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Orignal Article

The latest developments of rehabilitation idea and technological of cerebral palsy

TANG Jiu-lai

2017, 25(5):  433-436.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-01

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Rehabilitation of cerebral palsy should achieve a precision assessment of under the ICF-CY framework,whose target is get into society.Evidence-based medicine is playing an key role on choosing rehabilitation therapy method.New rehabilitation therapy concept should be wildly used,including advocate human rights rehabilitation,initiative rehabilitation in game,great rehabilitation idea in multidisciplinary synergic,combining medicine and education,functional rehabilitation,comprehensive rehabilitation,concentrating rehabilitation with community and family care,individualization standardized treatment,comprehensively promote children's rehabilitation level through the website rehabilitation platform.At present,there are lots of new rehabilitation method applying into clinic,motor imagery therapy,action observation training,task-oriented training and whole body vibration training,constraint-induced movement therapy,intensive therapy program,sling exercise therapy,horse therapy,hydrotherapy,virtual reality and astym therapy,et al.Beside,rehabilitation robot,deep brain stimulation and neural stem cells transplantation is on research.

Experimental study of association between altruistic behavior and inhibitory control in preschool child

XIAO Qi-peng, DAI Mei-xia, LIU Bu-yun, YANG Wen-han, WANG Xu-xiang, JING Jin

2017, 25(5):  437-439.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-02

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Objective To analyse the association between altruistic behavior and inhibitory control and their mechanism. Method A total of 131 preschool children [66 boys and 65 girls,average age (5.1±0.9)] were tested using dictator game,day-night task,bear-dragon task and gift delay task. Results 1)The ability of delay of gratification of children with altruistic behavior was apparently higher than that of children without altruistic behavior (t=-3.392,P<0.001);2) The ability of interference inhibition (F=3.579,P=0.031) and response inhibition (F=4.235,P=0.017) of different level of sharing had a significantly different;3) The ability of delay of gratification was one of indicators of altruistic behavior (χ²=14.745,P=0.001). Conclusions The altruistic behavior of preschool children is different.The ability of delay of gratification between children with/without altruistic behavior is different.

Defect of emotional regulation process in boys with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder

JIANG Wen-qing, LI Yan, DU Ya-song, LI Cai-xia, LI Meng-yao

2017, 25(5):  440-443.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-03

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Objective To investigate the emotional regulation process in boys with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD),and compare the emotional regulation process between boys with ADHD and ODD. Method Case control design was used,boys with ADHD and ODD were selected as study group while typical development boys were selected as control group.Emotional regulation process,the behavioral performance,and intelligence were evaluated and compared between the study group and the control group. Results When IQ was controlled as covariance,compared to control group,the study group showed significant differences(F=4.108,7.747,12.157,4.475,P<0.05 or <0.01) in negative emotion cognitive reappraisal,negative emotion expressive suppression,negative emotion expressive revealing,positive emotion cognitive reappraisal.There showed no significant difference between pure ODD group,ODD/ADHD group and pure ADHD group in emotional regulation process. Conclusion Boys with ADHD and ODD have difficulty in negative emotion regulation.

Influence of family intervention to the preschool children with aggressive behavior-a pilot study

JIA Shou-mei, FAN Juan, WANG Ling, SHI Ying-juan, LI Ping

2017, 25(5):  444-447.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-04

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Objective To explore the effectiveness and feasibility of family intervention to the preschool children with aggressive behavior. Method sThe preschool children with aggressive behavior were identified using Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) in 2 kindergartens of Yangpu district,Shanghai.17 children with aggressive behavior and their family in 1 kindergarten were given 5 month family intervention,while 18 children with aggressive behavior in another kindergarten were followed up as control group.The scores of CBCL and Aggressive Behavior-Teacher's Checklist (TCL) were evaluated and compared before and after intervention. Results After family intervention,the scores of CBCL (18.06±5.54),reactive aggression (2.00±0.60) and proactive aggression (1.61±0.82) of intervention group reduced significantly compared with those of baseline (22.47±4.42;2.86±0.73;1.82±1.15,P<0.05).The scores of CBCL (21.17±4.12),reactive aggression (3.04±0.69) and proactive aggression (1.78±0.65) of control group at 5-month didn't change obviously compared with those of baseline (21.72±4.34;3.13±0.74;1.85±0.87,P>0.05).At baseline,there was no difference in the aggressive behavior between two groups.After family intervention,the scores of CBCL and reactive aggression of intervention group were lower than those of control group. Conclusions Family intervention is effective and feasible to intervene children's aggressive behavior.Further researches may revise family intervention strategies for the aggressive children and explore its long-term effectiveness on the aggressive behavior of children.

Effect of systematize group behavior intervention on tic disorders child patients

CHEN Ying-ping, CHEN Yan-hui

2017, 25(5):  448-451.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-05

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Objective To study the treatment of systematize group behavior intervention on tic disorders (TD) child patients,and provide clinical guideline of behavior therapy on TD child patients. Method sProspective case-control method was used.132 chronic chronic tic disorders (CTD) or Tourette's syndrome (TS) child patients were chosen as research objects from child neurology clinic in our hospital,which were randomly divided into three groups as behavior intervention group (n=47),medicine treatment group (n=47) and combined intervention group (n=38).1) Intervention methods:"CHEN four stages" group-behavior intervention was designed based on psychological behavior treatment principle.Behavior intervention group adopted the group-behavior intervention,medicine treatment group adopted clonidine slow-release patch treatment,and combined intervention group combined with the group-behavior intervention and the original therapeutic dose.2)Clinical curative effect:the clinically curative effect was assessed by Yale Global Tie Severity Scale (YGTSS).3) The treatment security was assessed by Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS),and the obedience was observed during the treatment. Results 1) Comparison of clinical curative effect:YGTSS reducing rate of combined intervention group at the 4th,8th and 12th week after intervention were 41.48±16.39,53.39±16.59,67.6±19.31,which were greater than those of behavior intervention group(33.35±17.84,43.69±22.27,55.59±22.44),and were greater than those of medicine treatment group(24.79±19.94,34.49±30.79,44.13±26.57),all the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05,or <0.001).2) There were no significant differences on security and obedience assessment among three groups(all P>0.05). Conclusion There are obvious improvement in the symptoms and psychological health of TD child patients by specific group behavior intervention treatment,basing on clinical symptoms of TD child patients and the psychology characteristics of their parents.

Effects of family intervention on early neurodevelopment of premature infants

XIE Tian, HAO Bo, ZHOU Min, ZHANG Xiao-song, WANG Xu, WANG Xue-yin, WANG Xiao-li

2017, 25(5):  452-455.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-06

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Objective To evaluate effects of family intervention on early neurodevelopment of premature infants,explore factors of intervention effect,and provide evidences to early intervention for premature infants. Method sA total of 786 premature infants were followed up,Bayley Scales of Infant Development(BSID-I) was used to evaluate their mental development and motor development at corrected 6 months age.A nested case-control study was carried out by multivariable logistic regression analysis.Premature infants were stratified to analyze intervention effect in each layer. Results Family intervention could reduce the risk of poor mental development of premature infants(OR=0.31,95%CI:0.11~0.84),and stratification analysis showed that intervention effect was significant in boys,late premature infants,low birth weight premature infants and premature infants whose mothers' age were under thirty or parents' education were over high school.Family intervention could reduce the risk of poor motor development in low birth weight premature infants(OR=0.24,95%CI:0.07~0.90). Conclusions Family intervention can increase mental development of premature infants and motor development of low birth weight premature infants.Factors of premature infants and their family can influence intervention effect.

Multidimensional attribution model of depressed adolescents

ZOU Min, WANG Yan-yu, YIN Xun-bao

2017, 25(5):  456-458.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-07

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Objective To provide instructions for attributional training of adolescents' depression by comparing multidimensional attribution model of depressed adolescents with that of non-depressed adolescents. Method Three questionnaires including the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CSE-D),academic attribution scale and communicative attibution scale were used to investigate 550 teenagers those were adopted by cluster sampling from grade 1 in junior high school to grade 3 in senior high school,and 492 valid datas were analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Results In terms of positive events,depressed adolescents' scores in external,unstable,uncontrollable factor (EUU) were significantly lower than the non-depressed (academic:t=3.582;communicative:t=3.501,all P<0.01).In terms of negative events,depressed adolescents' academic attribution scores in internal stable uncontrollable factor (ISU) internal unstable controllable factor (IUC),internal unstable uncontrollable factor (IUU) were significantly lower than the non-depressed (t=6.464,4.198,5.814,P<0.001),and depressed adolescents' communicative attribution scores in internal stable controllable factor(ISC),internal stable uncontrollable factor (ISU),external stable controllable factor (ESC),external,unstable,controllable factor (EUC) were significantly lower than the non-depressed (t=4.403,3.364,4.750,5.042,P<0.01). Conclusions There are characterisctics with consistency and contextuality in attributional dimensions for depressed adolescents.Depressed adolescents tend to attribute negative events to lack of ability,while attribute positive events to luck.Attribution model of depressed adolescents in academic is not absolutely consistent with that in communication,but attribution dimensions in communicative failure reflect the negative integration of self cognition and social cognition.

Investigation and analysis of glycemic control and quality of life in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes of Qingdao

SONG Hai-xiao, DONG Xiao-ping, CHEN Zhi-hong, YI Ming-ji, LI Tang, LIU Jing

2017, 25(5):  459-462.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-08

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Objective To investigate the glycemic control and quality of life in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes of Qingdao and provide the dates for the treatment of children diabets influencing factors. Method sA total of 89 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes who participated in Diabetes Summer 2015 Camp and Winter 2015 Camp held in Qingdao were recruited in the study.Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Measurement Models (PedsQL40) was used to assess the quality of life and SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results The mean level of HbA1C of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes was poor.Age,disease course,whether follow to the diabetes diet,the frequency of blood glucose testing and diabetes camp,place of residence,mothers' education level,family income were the influencing factors of HAb1C (P<0.05).The mean score of quality of life was 80.73±12.68.The level of blood glucose,place of residence,parents' current marital status,parenthood were influencing factors of quality of life of children and adolescents type 1 diabetes(P<0.05),in which the level of blood glucose was most important. Conclusions Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes get a low quality of life by the growth of age and course of disease.The effects of their blood glucose control are unstable because they did not comply with the treatment and management of diabetes,especially settling in the countryside,low level of parents education,poor parenthood.In order to improve the quality of life,the integrated therapy should be performed on treating child and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Study on the incidence and determinants of small gestational age and large gestational age among 5 012 infants with single fetus and live birth

LI Hui-xia, FENG Na, ZHENG Jian-fei, LUO Zhong-wen, HU Yang, LUO Jia-you

2017, 25(5):  463-466.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-09

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Objective To understand the incidence of small gestational age (SGA) and large gestational age (LGA) infants in two cities of Hunan province,and analyze their determinants to provide evidence for prevention on SGA and LGA infants. Method sA stratified cluster sampling method was used to select the subjects,who were pregnant women hospitalized in local midwifery institutions in Zhuzhou city and Xiangtan city of Hunan province from January 2016 to June 2016.The sociodemographic characteristics of parents,family economic status and conditions related to the pregnancy were collected,and the birth information of the neonates was recorded.Chi-square test and Fisher probabilities method were used to compare the incidence of SGA and LGA infants,and multinomial Logistic regression was used to analyze the determinants of SGA and LGA infants. Results The incidence of SGA infants was 6.5% (328/5 012),and 7.9% (394/5 012) for LGA infants.The multinomial Logistic regression showed that the regulatory prenatal examination during pregnancy was the common protective factor for SGA and LGA,anemia during pregnancy and hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy were the independent risk factors for SGA,diabetes mellitus complicating pregnancy,maternal age ≥ 35 years,and paternal age ≥ 30 years were the independent risk factors for LGA. Conclusion Regulatory prenatal examination would decrease the risk of SGA and LGA,anemia during pregnancy and hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy would increase the risk of SGA,diabetes mellitus complicating pregnancy,increasing maternal age and paternal age would increase the risk of LGA.

Effect of physical training on new preterm animal by intrauterine infection caused

CAI Shu-ying, LIU Zhen-huan, PENG Gui-lan, LI Pei, GAO Yue-hong

2017, 25(5):  467-469.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-10

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Objective To explore the effect of sports training on premature animal by intrauterine infection caused. Method sThe preterm animal model was made by injection the lipopolysaccharide in the pregnant mice.Premature animal were randomly divided into two groups:the physical training intervention group,the model group,without premature rats birth from the normal pregnant rats were as control group.After 7 days,all young rats born of intervention group were different to the corresponding acupuncture and exercise training,At 28 days of age,the results of open field test and rotarod test of were recorded and analyzed. Results Physical training could significantly improve the premature animal athleticism and exploratory behavior,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Early physical training can obviously improve the premature animal's athleticism and exploratory behavior abilities.

Expression of synaptic associated proteins in the prefrontal cortex of autism rats

CHEN Yun-hua, GOU Yun, ZHOU Bo, LI Hong-wei, LIU Fen, TONG Xue-tao, WEN Min

2017, 25(5):  470-473.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-11

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Objective To observe the change of the synapse associated protein synaptophysin (SYN),postsynappptic density protein-95 (PSD-95),gephyrin in the prefrontal cortex of the rat model of autism and explore the role of synapse associated protein in the pathogenesis of autism. Method sThe autism model group was obtained in the offspring female Wister rats those received a single intraperitoneal injection of sodium valproate (600mg/kg) on the 12.5th pregnancy day.Pregnant rats received the intraperitoneal injection of saline,whose offspring were defined as normal group.To confirm whether the animal model were successfully established,the model group were compared the oblique board test,opening eyes test and three-chamber sociability test with control group.Western blotting was used to detected the expressed level of SYN,PSD-95,gephyrin in prefrontal cortex of model group and control group in the 42th day after birth. Results 1)The animal model of autism was successfully established.Compared with control rats,the autistic ones were slower to grow,poorer social interaction ability,and the preference for fresh things was disorder,the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05);2)Compared with control group,the model group significantly increased the expression level of SYN and PSD-95 (P<0.05) and decreased the expression level of gephyrin(P<0.05) in prefrontal cortex. Conclusion The expression of synaptic associated proteins in the prefrontal cortex of autism rats is abnormal.

Effect and influencing factors of parent training on children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

WANF Hai-feng, JIANG Wen-qing, LI Chun-bo, CHENG Wen-hong

2017, 25(5):  474-477.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-12

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodeveloment disorder in children,seriously affectting their academic achievement,interpersonal relationship and parent-child relationship,having seriously impact on their whole families and society.Parent training (PT) is an effective psychological method of ADHD,which can ameliorate the symptom of ADHD,the externalizing behavior and internalization emotional problems,as well as family environment.In order to benefit the future researches and clinical application of the parent training of ADHD,the common form,content and efficacy factors of PT has been reviewed.

Vitamin D-dependent rickets

CHEN Xiao-yang, ZHAO Zheng-yan

2017, 25(5):  478-480.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-13

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Vitamin D-dependent rickets is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder,which including vitamin D-dependent rickets type Ⅰand type Ⅱ.The incidence is the same between male and female.The fomer type is caused by mutations in CYP27B1 gene,while the later is caused by mutations in vitamin D receptor gene.The clinical course of both is similar to that of nutritional rickets due to simple vitamin D deficiency.Characteristic laboretory features are hypoclaemia,hepophosphatemia,increased serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase and secondary hyperparathyroidism.To date,the treatment of two kinds of rickets is in the stage of exploration,type Ⅰ maybe need a high dose calcitriol for treatment,while there is no consensus on the treatment of type Ⅱ.

Genes related to masqueraders of dystonic cerebral palsy

FENG Huan-huan, PANG Wei

2017, 25(5):  481-485.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-14

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Cerebral palsy (CP) is heterogeneous with different clinical types,comorbidities,brain imaging patterns,causes,and now also heterogeneous underlying genetic variants.Epidemiological studies have shown that the origins of most CP are prior to labor.Clinical risk factors could act as triggers for CP where there is genetic susceptibility,such as preterm delivery,intrauterine infection,and so on.However,some movement disorders were misdiagnosed as CP in practice due to the coincident characteristics of "dystonia",representing spastic,ataxic or dyskinetic phenotype.Recently with the rapid development of molecular genetics (chromosome microarrays and second generation sequencing technology),an unprecedented number of new dystonia genes have recently been described.Here,genes of CP masqueraders were labelled as "symptamatic genes of CP" correspond to susceptibility genes,reviewed the progress of research and provided a reference for the survey,especially the genetic etiology of subsequent dystonia.

The influence of sleep problems to the children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

LIU Ming-xia, XU Tong

2017, 25(5):  486-489.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-15

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood,the core symptoms include attention disorders,hyperactivity and impulsive behavior.Sleep problems has become one of research hotspots in the field of ADHD in recent years,but it was easily ignored by clinicians.The purpose of this paper is to review the literatures at home and abroad in recent years about the sleep problems of research on the effects of ADHD children,and improve the awareness of ADHD with sleep problems.

Meta analysis on the Mental Health Diagnostic Test survey results of left-behind childrens in recent ten years

LI Fu-lun, QIAO Ling, HE Jing, CHENG Jun-yi, XIE Qing-mu, ZHAO Qian-long, LI Ai-shu, LI Jing, GUO Jian-kang, YANG Jing

2017, 25(5):  493-495.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-17

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Objective To investigate the mental health of left behind children by using the Mental Health Diagnostic Test (MHT) with Meta-analysis,and to explore the overall mental health condition of left-behind children in recent ten years. Method sA computerized literature search was carried out in several databases such as CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP Information,CMB and PubMed to collect articles published from 2005 to 2015 concerning the study on the mental health of left-behind children,also included the measurement tools of mental health-mental health diagnostic tests.STATA 12.0 software was used to process different dimensions of MHT standardized mean differences (SMD) for non-left-behind children with left-behind children. Results Totally 17 references accorded with the research criteria were adopted,15 635 cases were analyzed.Meta analysis showed a significant difference in all dimensions of MHT between non-left-behind children and left-behind children(P<0.05).The scores of study-anxiety,social-anxiety were higher than other dimensions,SMD (95%CI) were 0.380 (0.178~0.581) and 0.311 (0.164~0.459) respectively. Conclusion Nearly a decade,the mental health state of left-behind children is still unsatisfactory,especially in study-anxiety and social-anxiety.

Influence of virtual scene cycle of treadmill training on dyskinetic cerebral palsy children's gross motor function rehabilitation

WANG Jiu-sheng, LI San-song

2017, 25(5):  496-498.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-18

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Objective To explore the impact of virtual scene cycle of treadmill training on dyskinetic cerebral palsy children's gross motor function rehabilitation effect. Method sTotally 96 cases of children with cerebral palsy were selected and divided into control group (n=48) and observation group (n=48) during the period of June 2016.Two groups of children were treated with conventional rehabilitation therapy including surgery,nerve growth factor,promote physical manipulation,observation group based on the use of virtual scene treadmill exercise cycle.The two groups were compared before and after the treatment of lower limb joint activity,Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) classification,gross motor function measutre(GMFM) score. Results After treatment,the adductor angle and the popliteal angle of the observation group were less than those of control group,the foot dorsiflexion angle was greater than that of control group;the modified Ashworth grade in the observation group after treatment was significantly better than that in control group;GMFM score of the observation group significantly higher than that of control group,the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion The degree of lower limb joint activity,reduce muscle tension and motor function can be improved by the involuntary movement of children with cerebral palsy virtual scene cycle of treadmill training.

A epidemiological survey of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Qingdao

XIANG Zi-ni, XIE Jin-na, HENG Zhong-yu, WANG Hai-tao, KUANG Gui-fang

2017, 25(5):  499-502.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-19

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Objective To investigate the prevalence and severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Qingdao. Method A total of 5 885 stratified random sampled parents were investigated with SNAP-Ⅳ scale. Results 1) Parent-reporting SNAP-Ⅳ scores showed 289 students meeting the diagnostic criteria for ADHD,with prevalence of 4.9%.The prevalence of boys was significantly higher than that of girls with a gender ratio of 1.60∶1.2)The prevalence of ADHD-I subtype,ADHD-HI subtype and ADHD-C subtype were respectively 3.0%,0.4% and 1.6%,among which there was no gender difference.3) The SNAP-Ⅳ scores of ADHD and normal children were significantly different.4) There was no significant gender difference of symptom severity within ADHD subtypes. Conclusions 1)The prevalence of 5th grade children of Qingdao is relatively low.Children of the three subtypes deserve education and treatment of equal level despite of their different behavioral characteristics.2) Girls with lower prevalence need to be taken seriously in both diagnosis and treatment for their equal symptom severity as boys.

Analysis on the intelligent development status and its influencing factors among infants in Haidian region,Beijing

FENG Shuang, HE Dian, ZHANG Liang-fen, LIU Fen

2017, 25(5):  502-504.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-20

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A relationship study of the temperament and the behavior problems in 8~12 ages Kazakand children

YANG Geng-lin, Gulibakeranmu·abudula, Weina·aishanbai, Mailikaimu·abudukelimu

2017, 25(5):  505-507.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-21

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Objective To investigate the relationship between the temperament and the behavior problems in 8~12 ages Kazakand children. Method sA total of 295 Kazakand children aged 8~12 years old from two primary schools in Urumqi were randomly sampled.All students were assessed using "Middle Childhood Temperament Questionnaire(MCTQ)" and "Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire ( PSQ )". Results 1)There was no significant difference in the gender distribution of children's temperament type (P>0.05).2)The boys got higher scores on activity,emotional nature and hasten factors of MCTQ(P<0.05).And the girls got higher score on persistence factors of MCTQ(P<0.05).3)The boys got higher scores on behavioral problems,learning problem and hyperactivity(P<0.05).4)There were significant differences in the distribution of temperament of children with behavior problems. Conclusions Different gender children's temperament characteristics and behavior problems are different in Kazakand children.Children's behavior problems are related to the type of temperament.

Study on the application of real-time ultrasound-guided in umbilical vein catheterization in 60 premature infants

SHEN Chun-hua, JIANG Yong-jiang, JIANG Jian-sui, HUANG Xue-mei, GAN Yuan, ZHANG Yu

2017, 25(5):  507-510.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-22

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Objective To evaluate the clinical value of real-time ultrasound guided in umbilical vein catheterization. Method sA total of 60 premature infants requiring umbilical vein catheterization were chosen in this study and real-time ultrasound guided umbilical vein catheterization was performed in these infants.High frequency probe was used to measure the length of all paths to estimate the depth of duct insertion.Real-time ultrasound guided started when the top of duct placed in the intrahepatic segment of umbilical vein,then the top of duct reached the inferior vena cava not right atrium through the lateral branch of the left portal vein and venous duct.Ultrasonic scan was conducted to confirm the top of duct was inside the inferior vena cava after the duct was fastened. Results The one-time successful rate of the umbilical vein catheterization with real-time ultrasound guidance was 93.3%.The depth of duct insertion which preoperative measured by ultrasound was (7.70±0.72) cm,and the actual depth of umbilical venous catheters was (7.59±1.20) cm.There was no significant difference between these two depths (P=0.574). Conclusions The real-time ultrasound guided umbilical vein catheterization can improve the successful rate,which plays a good navigation effect.Preoperative ultrasound application can check the paths of all insertion paragraphs,and the preoperative measurement through ultrasound could guide the actual catheter.

Study on the state of sensory integration dysfunction and its influencing factors among preschoolers in Chengdu

SHEN Qian

2017, 25(5):  511-513.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-23

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Objective To analyze the current situation and influencing factors of sensory integration dysfunction (SID) among preschoolers in Chengdu. Method A total of 781 children from 2 kindergartens in Chengdu were surveyed with Children Sensory Integration Ability Assessment Scale and children basic information questionnaire. Results The incidence of SID in preschoolers in Chengdu was 38.28%,among which there were 234(29.96%) children with mild SID and 65(8.32%) with serious SID.There were significant differences among children with SID and normal children in sex (χ²=15.41,P<0.05).Incidence of SID among boys(23.05%)was higher than that among girls(15.24%).The influencing factors of SID among preschoolers were sex,gender,living area,gestational age at delivery,mothers' vaginal bleeding history during pregnancy,parents' educational attitude and parents' educational background. Conclusions SID is the prominent problem among preschoolers in Chengdu.It is influenced by biological and social factors.Parents and teachers should pay more attention to prevent it earlier.

Comparative study of S-S method and Gesell developmental scale in children's language assessment

LIANG Jing, WANG Zhao-hui

2017, 25(5):  514-516.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-24

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ObjectTo explore the application of Gesell developmental scale-language part in language development evaluation by the comparison with S-S method. Method sA total of 130 children aged from 1.5 to 5 years were selected in psychological clinics of Child Care Center in the Xi 'an Fourth Hospital from June 2015 to May 2016.There were 93(71.54%) boys and 37(28.26%) girls.Gesell developmental scale and S-S method were both used to evaluate language retardation degree. Results 1)Overall consistency check of Gesell developmental scale and S-S method in language retardation showed:the Kappa score was 0.639(P<0.05),sensitivity was 77.2%,specificity was 86.3%.2)Overall consistency check of Gesell developmental scale and S-S method in mild language retardation showed that the Kappa score was 0.481(P<0.05).3)S-S method in mild language retardation for two age groups showed that the constituent ratio of language characteristics had statistical differences (P<0.05).Children under 2 years old mainly had problem in language expression,while children above 2 years old mainly had problem in language comprehension. Conclusions 1)Gesell developmental scale can be used as a language development screening tool.2)Gesell developmental scale and S-S method can be used in combination,S-S method can be used for qualitative,Gesell developmental scale can be used for severity classification.3)S-S method should be used to ascertain diagnosis for the children under 2 years old whose language scores of Gesell developmental scale show margin state.

Clinical characters of skin conditions of infants aged 42 days old in Beijing Haidian district

WANG Zhao-yang, XING Huan, SHEN Chun-ping, YAN Qi, MA Lin

2017, 25(5):  516-519.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-25

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Application of fluoride varnish in preventing dental caries of preschool children

GAO Zhen, CAI Wei, HUO Dong-ting, JIANG Ji-hong

2017, 25(5):  519-522.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-26

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Objective To explore the effect of fluoride varnish in preventing caries of primary teeth caries,and provide scientific basis for the establishment of oral health care. Method sTotally 496 children in middle group from 6 kindergartens in Changning district were voluntarily divided into experience group and control group.The children in experience group were taken the oral examination and used the fluoride varnishes every 6 months.The others in control group were taken the oral examination twice a year only.The data of caries incidence and new decayed missing and filledtooth (DMFTS) were analyze as the statistical index. Results Two years later,the caries incidence had significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05),the experience group was much lower than the control group.The new DMFTS was significant lower in the experience group. Conclusion The application of fluoride varnish can effectively prevent deciduous teeth caries spreading and keep mouth healthy.

Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Wanzhou district of Chongqing from 2009 to 2015

WANG Jun, GONG Di-ping

2017, 25(5):  522-524.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-27

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Wanzhou district of Chongqing,and provide the scientific evidence for prevention and control of HFMD. Method The data with descriptive epidemiology method were analyzed. Results Totally 11 304 HFMD case were reported in Wanzhou district from 2009 to 2015,including 77 severe cases and 12 death cases.Most of these cases were scattered-living children (63.35%) and childcare children (32.27%),aged from 0 to 5 years old (93.57%).The epidemic curve showed as double-peak curve,One was from May to July,and the other one was from November to December.All of the 430 HFMD laboratory-confirmed cases,EV71 virus accounted for 45.58%,CoxA16 accounted for 28.37%,other enterovirus accounted for 26.05%. Conclusions Wanzhou district has the high morbidity level from 2009 to 2015,the main pathogens are other enterovirus and EV71.In order to restrain the HFMD outbreak and epidemic,the comprehensive prevention and control measures in key areas and populations are necessary in the high-incidence season.

Epidemiological investigation of 1 246 children with nutritional iron deficiency anemia

WANG Hao, JIA Li-ying

2017, 25(5):  525-527.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-28

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Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of children with nutritional iron deficiency anemia in the local area. Method sA total of 1 246 cases were selected in each county of the city from January to June 2015.The peripheral blood was collected to detect the anemia,and the relevant information was collected to analyze the clinical symptoms. Results Totally 124 cases of in 1 246 children had nutritional iron deficiency anemia,the incidence rate of 9.95%.The incidence of urban children rate was 6.79%,the rate in country was 13.55%,country children's prevalence rate was significantly higher than that of the urban children;The anemia rate between the male and female children in city were with age into a downward trend year by year,the average male anemia rate of 4.75%,far lower than that of the female 8.90%;The average male in country anemia rate was 8.57%,far lower than that of the female 19.40%,the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05).The highest incidence of anemia was the physical weakness,the lowest incidence was gingival swelling. Conclusions Nutritional iron deficiency anemia in young children occur rate is high,the incidence of male patients is lower than that of female.The main clinical manifestations are susceptible to colds.

Analysis of current situation and influencing factors of injury in 3~6 years old children of Chongqing city

HE Chun-yan, ZHOU Xiao-jun, ZHOU Wen-zheng, LONG Xiao-fang, HE Jun, LI Xiao-lan, LONG Min

2017, 25(5):  530-533.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-30

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Objective To learn the status and influencing factors of injury in 3~6 years old children of Chongqing city,and explore relationship between risk factors and injury among children. Method sIn stratified sampling method,1 773 preschool children from 5 counties in Chongqing city were selected.Questionnaire was used to assess the children's injury active and risk factors. Results Survey of 1 773 children,the total incidence of injury was 28.54%.There were significant differences between boys and girls,the urban children and rural children.The rate of falling was the highest(57.31%)injury,the second was stab/stung/cut(9.68%),burn/ scald(8.70%),respectively.56.45% of the children were injured because of the accident.64.50% of the children were injuried at home.Head and face were the most easily injured parts of the body.45.56% of the children went to the clinic after injurying.46.57% of parents believed that children had no obvious injury.The disability performance and the injuried end,no influence were 90.54% and 77.68%,respectively.The univariate analysis showed that the risk factors affecting the injury of children were father working outside,the number of children in the family,the time of taking care of children of father,grandparents and maternal grandparents and children injury. Conclusions Preschool children's accidental injury occurres at home,father play an important role in the prevention of injury to the children.According to the characteristics of injury of preschool children,there is more positive significance to prevent injury in family.