Abstract: Objective To explore the main risk factors related to birth defects, in order to provide scientific evidence for preventing birth defects.Methods Meta-analysis was performed to quantitatively review case-control studies of risk factors for the birth defects since 2008 to 2018.Results Multi-factor analysis combined with effect quantity estimation results showed that family history, mother′s smoking, father′s smoking, exposure to teratogenic factors during pregnancy, environmental pollution sources, adverse pregnancy and childbirth history, early pregnancy illness, mood disorders, and drug use were risk factors. While premarital examination, pregnancy examination, folic acid supplementation, and regular intake of high quality protein during pregnancy were protective factors.Conclusions Pregnant women are suggested to avoid prenatal exposure to various physical and chemical harmful substances, attach importance to routine marriage and pregnancy tests, and establish a healthy lifestyle. Also, more high quality protein and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy is crucial to improve physical fieness.

Key words: birth defects, influencing factors, Meta-analysis

摘要： 目的 探讨我国出生缺陷的主要影响因素,为制订出生缺陷预防决策和干预措施提供科学依据。方法 采用Meta分析方法对2008-2018年国内外已发表的我国出生缺陷影响因素的病例对照研究进行定量综合评价。结果 家族遗传史、母亲吸烟、父亲吸烟、孕期致畸因素接触史、居住地有环境污染源、不良孕产史、孕早期患病、孕期情绪不良、孕期服用药物等因素是出生缺陷的危险因素;婚检、孕检、叶酸增补、孕期经常摄入优质蛋白等因素是保护因素。结论 预防出生缺陷,应避免孕期接触各种物理和化学有害物质,重视常规婚检、孕检,建立健康的生活方式,保持良好的心态,及时增补叶酸,多补充优质的蛋白质以增强母亲体质。

关键词: 出生缺陷, 影响因素, Meta分析