Abstract: Objective To explore the similarities and differences of growth and development from 0 to 36 months between the offspring of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normal mothers,in order to provide scientific reference for clinical intervention. Methods Children born between January 1st,2014 and December 31st,2014 in Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Beijing were selected. Children born to GDM mothers were selected as GDM group,and those born to normal women were selected as control group. Physical measurements were performed at the age of 3,6,12,18,24,30 and 36 months old,and the growth and development trends and speeds of the GDM group and control group were compared. Results The weight gained from 0 to 3 months old of children in GDM group was (2.81±0.83)kg,which was slower than (3.01±0.79)kg in the control group. And the body length of GDM group increased by (5.14±1.60) cm from 9 to 12 months old,which was faster than (4.70±1.69) cm in the control group. However,the body length of GDM group increased by (5.80±1.82) cm from 12 to 18 months old,which was significantly slower than (6.23±1.64) cm in the control group. The body mass index (BMI) of boys in GDM group at the age of 12 months old was (17.06±0.86)kg/m²,which was significantly lower than that in control group[(17.50±1.16)kg/m²]. Also,the BMI of girls in GDM group was significantly higher than that in control group[(17.73±1.61)kg/m² vs. (17.27±1.17)kg/m²]. Conclusions Children born to GDM mothers have growth retardation at the age of 0 to 3 months old,and then rapidly catch up with normal children. Moreover,there are differences on weight changes in different gender groups

Key words: gestational diabetes mellitus, offspring, growth and development

摘要： 目的 探索妊娠期糖尿病母亲与正常母亲子代0~36月龄生长发育趋势的异同,为临床干预提供科学依据。方法 选择北京市通州区妇幼保健院2014年1月1日-12月31日之间出生的儿童,以妊娠期糖尿病母亲所生子女为GDM组,正常母亲所生子女为对照组,两组儿童均在3、6、12、18、24、30、36月龄时进行体格测量,比较两组生长发育趋势及速度。并按照儿童的性别分层,比较不同性别两组儿童的生长发育异同。 结果 GDM组儿童0~3个月的体重增长(2.81±0.83)kg,速度慢于对照组的(3.01±0.79)kg,9~12月龄的身长增长(5.14±1.60)cm,速度快于对照组的(4.70±1.69)cm,而12~18月龄的身长增长(5.80±1.82)cm,速度又慢于对照组的(6.23±1.64)cm。GDM组男婴12月龄BMI为(17.06±0.86)kg/m²,显著低于对照组男婴的(17.50±1.16)kg/m²;GDM组女婴9月龄BMI为(17.73±1.61)kg/m²,显著高于对照组女婴的(17.27±1.17)kg/m²,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 GDM母亲所育子代在0~3月龄之间出现生长迟缓现象,随后快速生长追赶上正常儿童,不同性别子代体重变化规律也有差异。

关键词: 妊娠期糖尿病, 子代, 生长发育