Abstract: Objective To evaluate the association between breastfeeding and deleterious oral habits in children,so as to provide reference for preventing deleterious oral habits. Methods Databases of CNKI,VIP,WANFANG,PubMed were searched to collect literatures regarding breastfeeding and deleterious oral habits from 2000 to 2020 in home and abroad.A meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the evidence by Stata14.0.The combined odds ratio(OR)and 95% confidence interval(CI)were calculated. Results Totally 17 articles were enrolled,including 7 579 subjects from 8 countries.Meta-analysis showed that exclusive breastfeeding was a protective factor for mouth breathing(OR=0.498,95% CI:0.364 - 0.681),non-nutritive sucking(OR=0.327,95%CI:0.152 - 0.704),pacifier-sucking(OR=0.362,95%CI:0.181 - 0.724).Compared with mixed breastfeeding ≥ 6 months,mixed breastfeeding<6 months was a risk factor for oral breathing(OR=1.596,95% CI:1.298 - 1.962),non-nutritive sucking(OR=2.939,95%CI:1.651 - 5.232),pacifier-sucking(OR=4.378,95% CI:2.607 - 7.353). Conclusions Breastfeeding can prevent the occurrence of deleterious oral habits.Due to the limitation of the quantity and quality of the included literature,more prospective studies are needed to support this conclusion.

Key words: breastfeeding, deleterious oral habits, Meta-analysis

摘要： 目的 探讨母乳喂养对儿童口腔不良习惯的影响,为儿童口腔不良习惯的预防提供参考。方法 检索中国知网、维普、万方及Pubmed等数据库,收集2000-2020年之间关于母乳喂养和口腔不良习惯关系的中英文研究,应用Stata14.0软件对纳入文献进行Meta分析,计算合并OR值和95%可信区间(95%CI)。结果 最终纳入文献17篇,共计调查对象7 579例,来自8个国家。Meta分析结果显示:非纯母乳喂养是儿童用口呼吸(OR=0.498,95%CI:0.364～0.681)、非营养性吮吸(OR=0.327,95%CI:0.152～0.704)、使用安慰奶嘴(OR=0.362,95%CI:0.181～0.724)的保护因素;与混合母乳喂养≥6个月相比,混合母乳喂养＜6个月是儿童用口呼吸(OR=1.596,95%CI:1.298～1.962)、非营养性吮吸(OR=2.939,95%CI:1.651～5.232)、使用安慰奶嘴(OR=4.378,95%CI:2.607～7.353)的危险因素。结论 母乳喂养可预防口腔不良习惯的发生,受纳入研究数量和质量的限制,该结论需要更多前瞻性研究予以支持。

关键词: 母乳喂养, 口腔不良习惯, Meta分析