Cross-sectional study on health status of preschool children of different ethnic groups in Linxiang district, Yunnan Province

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-1393

Abstract

Abstract: Objective To understand the health status of preschool children in Linxiang district, Yunnan Province, so as to provide scientific basis for children health promotion in the minority areas. Methods In 2019, 1 018 preschoolers were randomly selected from Linxiang district of Yunnan Province, and participated in a cross-sectional survey on the growth indicators and the influencing factors. Binary Logistic regression model was used to find out the adverse factors affecting the health status of ethnic minority children. Results The prevalence rate of low body weight, developmental delays and dental caries increased with age. For 6- to 7-year-old children, the prevalence rates of low body weight, developmental retardation and dental caries were 9.7%,13.3% and 71.4%, respectively(χ²=11.327, 22.939, 58.067, P≤0.001). Binary Logistic regression showed that the risk of growth retardation in children of Lahu nationality was 4.332(95%CI:2.103 - 8.924) times higher than that of Han nationality after adjusting for age and family income. Conclusions The major problems affecting children's health inlclude low body weight, developmental delays and dental caries in Linxiang district, Yunnan Province, which should be paid more attention to from the government and relevant departments. Moreover, it is suggested to take regular follow-up visits and special case management, carry out disease prevention and treatment from multiple aspects and in many ways to improve children's health continuously.

Key words: ethnic minorities, health status, preschool children, low body weight, developmental delay

摘要： 目的了解云南省临翔区学龄前儿童健康状况及影响因素, 为云南少数民族地区开展儿童健康促进工作提供科学依据。方法 2019年采用随机抽样方法,在云南省临翔区随机抽取学龄前儿童1 018名,横断面调查样本儿童的生长发育指标和影响因素,并纳入二元Logistic回归模型中,找出影响少数民族儿童健康状况的不良因素。结果该少数民族地区学龄前儿童低体重、发育迟缓和龋齿发生率随着年龄增长递增, 6~7岁组低体重发生率为9.7%(χ²=11.327,P=0.001),发育迟缓发生率为13.3%(χ²=22.939,P<0.001),龋齿发生率为71.4%(χ²=58.067,P<0.001)。对不同民族地区儿童发育迟缓的发生率做二元Logistic回归,拟合模型结果显示在控制年龄和家庭收入因素不变的情况下,拉祜族儿童发生生长迟缓的危险是汉族的4.332倍(95%CI:2.103~8.924)。结论影响云南省临翔区儿童健康的主要问题是低体重、发育迟缓和龋齿,应引起相关部门高度重视,通过定期随访及专案管理,从多方面、多渠道开展疾病预防和治疗,不断提高儿童健康水平。

关键词: 少数民族, 健康状况, 学龄前儿童, 低体重, 发育迟缓

CLC Number:

R179

HONG Yang-yang, XU Yi-hua, LUO Kai-min, LU He-yun, WANG Qiong-hua, LIU Ju-ming. Cross-sectional study on health status of preschool children of different ethnic groups in Linxiang district, Yunnan Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2022, 30(5): 485-489.

洪阳阳, 许奕华, 罗开敏, 卢鹤云, 王琼华, 刘桔铭. 云南省临翔区不同民族学龄前儿童健康状况横断面研究[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2022, 30(5): 485-489.

References

[1] Lu C, Black MM, Richter LM. Risk of poor development in young children in low-income and middle-income countries:an estimation and analysis at the global, regional, and country level [J]. Lancet Glob Health, 2016, 4(12):e916-e922.
[2] Richter LM, Daelmans B, Lombardi J, et al. Investing in the foundation of sustainable development:pathways to scale up for early childhood development [J]. Lancet, 2017, 389(10064):103-118.
[3] Perkins JM, Kim R, Krishna A, et al. Understanding the association between stunting and child development in low- and middle-income countries:Next steps for research and intervention [J]. Soc Sci Med, 2017, 193(1):101-109.
[4] Zhong J, Kuhn L, Wang T, et al. The interrelationships between parental migration, home environment, and early child development in rural china:a cross-sectional study [J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020, 17(11):3862.
[5] 沈建华, 张笑男, 俞跃萍, 等. 云南15种特有少数民族0～6岁儿童营养不良和肥胖的调查研究 [J]. 卫生软科学, 2020, 34(1):88-93.
[6] 国家统计局. 2019年《中国儿童发展纲要(2011-2020年)》统计监测报告[N]. 中国信息报,2020-12-22(002).
[7] 陈晶, 曾国章. 福建省长汀县学龄前儿童营养状况与影响因素分析 [J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2016, 24(9):974-977.
[8] 罗开敏, 董有芹, 王琼华, 等. 临翔区南美乡2018-2020年拉祜族3~6岁学龄前儿童营养状况分析 [J]. 保健文汇, 2021, 22(14):192-193.
[9] Black MM, Walker SP, Fernald LCH, et al. Early childhood development coming of age:science through the life course [J]. Lancet, 2017, 389(10064):77-90.
[10] Dua T, Tomlinson M, Tablante E, et al. Global research priorities to accelerate early child development in the sustainable development era [J]. Lancet Glob Health, 2016, 4(12):e887-e889.
[11] 张瑞芳, 栗新燕, 王文丽,等. 呼和浩特市6岁以下城区儿童贫血与生长发育状况研究 [J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2018, 26(1):106-108.
[12] Rivadeneira MF, Moncayo AL, Tello B, et al. A multi-causal model for chronic malnutrition and anemia in a population of rural coastal children in ecuador [J]. Matern Child Health J, 2020, 24(4):472-482.
[13] 朱锡翔, 郑佳瑞, 郑敏, 等. 云南省城乡2012-2018年5岁以下儿童营养与健康监测情况分析 [J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2019, 27(5):571-573,580.
[14] Musinguzi N, Kemoli A, Okullo I. Prevalence and treatment needs for early childhood caries among 3-5-year-old children from a rural community in uganda [J]. Front Public Health, 2019, 7(1):259.
[15] Seow WK. Early childhood caries [J]. Pediatr Clin North Am, 2018, 65(5):941-954.
[16] Granville-Garcia AF, Gomes MC, Perazzo MF, et al. Impact of caries severity/activity and psychological aspects of caregivers on oral health-related quality of life among 5-year-old children [J]. Caries Res, 2018, 52(6):570-579.
[17] Zhang K, Li J, Lu Z. The prevalence of dental caries in primary dentition in 3- to 5-year-old preschool children in northern China [J]. Biomed Res Int, 2020, 2020(5315236):1-9.
[18] Rocha G. Electronic screens and children's vision:development of a joint position statement [J]. Can J Ophthalmol, 2018, 53(4):307.
[19] Alvarez PC, Sánchez TM, Martinez PC, et al. The relationship between screen and outdoor time with rates of myopia in spanish children [J]. Front Public Health, 2020, 8(560378):1-10.