Abstract: Objective To analyze the current situation and trends of the disease burden due to low weight in Chinese children under 5 years old from 1990 to 2019, in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of the disease burden caused by low weight in children. Method Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) indicators attributable to low weight in children under 5 years of age from 1990—2019 were extracted from global burden of disease(GBD) 2019, and trends in mortality and DALY rates for diseases associated with low weight were analyzed using Joinpoint linear regression models. Results In 2019, the number of deaths due to low weight in children under 5 years of age in China was 34 400, the mortality rate was 42.27/10⁵, the DALY was 3.145 million person-years, and the DALY rate was 3 859.31/10⁵. Compared to 1990, the number of deaths decreased by 86.40%, mortality rate decreased by 80.74%, DALY decreased by 86.08% and DALY rate decreased by 80.29% in 2019. The burden of disease due to low weight was higher in boys than that in girls. The mortality rates for respiratory infections and tuberculosis, intestinal infections, and sudden infant death syndrome due to low weight in children under 5 years of age were 2.73/10⁵, 0.07/10⁵, and 0.07/10⁵, respectively. Respiratory tract infection and tuberculosis maintained the highest mortality and DALY rates among the three related diseases caused by low body weight. Conclusion Although the mortality and DALY of children under 5 years of age due to low body weight have shown a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2019, there are still many challenges in the prevention and treatment, indicating that the disease burden of children under 5 years of age attributed to low body weight cannot be ignored.

Key words: children under 5 years old, disease burden, low body weight

摘要： 目的 分析1990—2019年我国5岁以下儿童因低体重造成的疾病负担现状及趋势,为预防和控制儿童因低体重导致的疾病负担提供参考依据。方法 从全球疾病负担(GBD)2019提取1990—2019年5岁以下儿童归因于低体重的死亡和伤残调整寿命年(DALY)指标,采用Joinpoint线性回归模型分析因低体重导致相关疾病的死亡率和DALY率的变化趋势。结果 2019年我国5岁以下儿童因低体重造成的死亡人数为3.44万例,死亡率为42.27/10⁵,DALY为314.50万人年,DALY率为3 859.31/10⁵。与1990年相比,2019年死亡人数下降86.40%,死亡率下降80.74%,DALY下降了86.08%,DALY率下降80.29%。男童因低体重导致的疾病负担均高于女童。5岁以下儿童因低体重导致的呼吸道感染和肺结核、肠道感染和婴儿猝死综合症的死亡率分别为2.73/10⁵、0.07/10⁵和0.07/10⁵,呼吸道感染和肺结核在低体重所致的3种相关疾病中保持最高的死亡率和DALY率。结论 虽然1990—2019年我国5岁以下儿童因低体重导致的死亡和DALY呈下降趋势,但是目前我国防治问题仍面临较多挑战,提示我国5岁以下儿童归因于低体重的疾病负担不容忽视。

关键词: 5岁以下儿童, 疾病负担, 低体重