Abstract: Objective To analyze the influence of milk drinking behavior of school-age children on malnutrition in Hainan Province, so as to provide theoretical basis for improving the malnutrition status of students. Methods Stratified random whole-group sampling was used to randomly select 1 city and 1 county from 4 cities and 15 counties in Hainan Province as urban and rural survey sites, respectively. Then a total of 10 schools were randomly selected from 2 survey sites, each stratified by grade level, and 3 - 5 classes were randomly selected from each grade level from 3 to 5 in each school. Questionnaires and physical tests were used to collect relevant information from students. The effect of milk drinking behavior on malnutrition status of children in this age group was analyzed. Results Among the 3 286 school-age children aged 8 - 12 years, the prevalence of malnutrition was 23.5% (771/3 286), of which the prevalence rates of growth retardation, mild weight loss, moderate and severe weight loss were 4.0% (132/3 286), 9.0% (296/3 286) and 11.7% (385/3 286), respectively. And 92.3% (3 033/3 286) of children drank milk every week, 46.2% drank milk more than 5 days every week, and 11.1% (364/3 286) drank milk ≥ 300mL per day on average. There were significant differences in age, nationality, residence, choice of milk or dairy products as snacks, frequency of milk consumption, average daily milk consumption between students with or without malnutrtion (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression showed that the malnutrition risk of children living in rural areas was 2.066 times higher than that of children living in urban areas (95%CI: 1.742~2.451). Age (OR=0.768, 95%CI: 0.698 - 0.845), higher milk drinking frequency [1 - 2 days/week (OR=0.413, 95%CI: 0.305 - 0.559), 3 - 4 days/week (OR=0.338, 95%CI: 0.247 - 0.461), and 5 - 7 days/week (OR=0.286, 95%CI: 0.214 - 0.383)], choosing milk or dairy products as snacks (OR=0.676, 95%CI:0.570 - 0.801), the average daily milk intake ≥ 300mL (OR=0.648, 95%CI:0.475 - 0.883) were protective factors of malnutrition (P<0.05). Conclusions The malnutrition rate of school age children in Hainan Province is high, and milk drinking behavior is closely related to malnutrition. It is recommended to strengthen the education on milk drinking for children, increase the amount and frequency of milk drinking for students and improve milk drinking behavior.

Key words: milk drinking behavior, malnutrition , school-age children

摘要： 目的 分析海南省学龄儿童饮奶行为对营养不良的影响,为改善学生营养不良状况提供理论依据。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,从海南省4个城市和15个县中分别随机抽取1个城市和1个县作为城市和农村调查点,再从2个调查点中随机抽取共10所学校,每所学校按年级分层,从每所学校3~5年级各年级随机抽取3~5个班,采用问卷调查和体格检测收集学生的相关信息。分析该年龄段儿童饮奶行为对营养不良状况的影响。结果 在受检的3 286名8~12岁学龄儿童中营养不良检出率为23.5%(771/3 286),其中生长迟缓检出率为4.0%(132/3 286),轻度消瘦检出率为9.0%(296/3 286),中重度消瘦检出率为11.7%(385/3 286)。92.3%(3 033/3 286)的儿童每周都有饮用牛奶的行为,46.2%每周有5d以上饮用牛奶的行为,11.1%(364/3 286)平均每日饮奶量≥300mL。不同年龄、民族、居住地、选择奶或奶制品作为零食的行为、食用牛奶的频率、平均每日饮奶量与营养不良状况的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示居住在农村的儿童营养不良风险是居住在城市儿童的2.066倍(95%CI:1.742~2.451);而年龄(OR=0.768,95%CI:0.698~0.845)、饮奶频率[1~2d/周(OR=0.413,95%CI:0.305~0.559)、3~4d/周(OR=0.338,95%CI:0.247~0.461)、5~7d/周(OR=0.286,95%CI:0.214~0.383)]、选择奶或奶制品作为零食(OR=0.676,95%CI:0.570~0.801)、平均每日饮奶量≥300mL(OR=0.648,95%CI:0.475~0.883)是营养不良的保护因素(P＜0.05)。结论 海南省学龄儿童营养不良率较高,饮奶行为与营养不良的发生密切相关,建议加强儿童饮奶宣教,增加学生饮奶量和频率,改善饮奶行为。

关键词: 饮奶行为, 营养不良, 学龄儿童