奥沙西泮的药理作用及机制研究进展

doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2026.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

奥沙西泮属于中短效苯二氮?类镇静催眠药，其作用机制主要通过正向变构作用调节γ-氨基丁酸A受体，增强γ-氨基丁酸的抑制性神经传递。研究表明，奥沙西泮在调节生物节律、改善睡眠及缓解焦虑等方面具有显著疗效。近年研究发现，该药还可通过与线粒体易位蛋白结合促进神经类固醇生成，从而在药物成瘾及酒精依赖的治疗中发挥潜在作用。在安全性方面，与部分长效苯二氮?类药物相比，奥沙西泮对认知功能的影响相对较小，尤其在老年患者中因其代谢途径不依赖细胞色素P450，较少出现过度镇静和药物蓄积现象而更具安全性。临床应用此药时需充分考虑患者的症状特点和个体病情，全面权衡利弊，规范合理用药。

关键词: 奥沙西泮, 苯二氮?类药物, GABA_A受体, 生物节律, 睡眠, 焦虑

Abstract:

Oxazepam belongs to the class of medium-to-short-acting benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drugs. Its mechanism of action mainly involves regulating the γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor through positive allosteric effects, thereby enhancing the inhibitory neural transmission of γ-aminobutyric acid. Studies have shown that oxazepam has significant efficacy in regulating biological rhythms, improving sleep, and alleviating anxiety. Recent researches have found that this drug can also promote the generation of neurosteroids by binding to mitochondrial translocation proteins, thereby potentially playing a role in the treatment of drug addiction and alcohol dependence. In terms of safety, compared with some long-acting benzodiazepine drugs, oxazepam has a relatively smaller impact on cognitive function, especially in elderly patients, as its metabolic pathway does not rely on cytochrome P450, and there are fewer cases of excessive sedation and drug accumulation, making it safer. When using this drug clinically, it is necessary to fully consider the patient's symptom characteristics and individual condition, comprehensively weigh the pros and cons, and use it in a standardized and reasonable manner.

Key words: oxazepam, benzodiazepines, GABA_A receptor, biological rhythm, sleep, anxiety

中图分类号:

R971
R749.5

王毅群, 王之琳, 李清杨, 岑文杰, 郑乔远, 黄志力. 奥沙西泮的药理作用及机制研究进展[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2026, 31(3): 352-361.

Yiqun WANG, Zhilin WANG, Qingyang LI, Wenjie CEN, Qiaoyuan ZHENG, Zhili HUANG. Research progress on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of oxazepam[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2026, 31(3): 352-361.

图/表 2

图 1 奥沙西泮通过调节GABAA受体发挥药理作用机制图注：GABAA受体是由α、β及γ亚基组成的五聚体氯离子（Cl-）通道。GABA可结合GABAA受体中α与β亚基之间的正向配体结合位点，引发Cl-通道开放，导致神经元细胞膜超极化，从而产生抑制性突触效应。奥沙西泮作为苯二氮?类正向别构调节剂，结合于GABAA受体的α与γ亚基界面的别构位点，增强GABA与GABAA受体的结合效应并增加Cl-通道开放频率，从而增强GABA介导的抑制效应。

Fig.1 Mechanism diagram of the pharmacological action of oxazepam through regulating GABAA receptors

表 1 奥沙西泮药理作用、作用机制及特点

Table 1 Pharmacological effects, mechanism of action and characteristics of oxazepam

药理作用	作用机制	作用特点
调节生物节律	调节SCN内昼夜节律中枢；影响下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴活动及皮质醇分泌	存在昼夜依赖性，给药时机需结合生理节律
改善睡眠	增加NREM睡眠第2阶段，并增强σ纺锤波活动；抑制NREM睡眠第3阶段，抑制REM睡眠；	在健康个体中不会破坏整体脑电结构
缓解焦虑	抑制杏仁核过度激活；作用于行为抑制系统，降低应激源引发的皮肤电反应	适用于急性及广泛性焦虑，不诱发反常激动
减轻药物依赖	与TSPO结合，影响内源性神经类固醇生成	可减轻苯二氮?类、酒精及毒品戒断症状
改善认知	抑制杏仁核过度激活	作用具有间接性、短期性和情境性

参考文献 82

1	Lader MH. The clinical pharmacology of oxazepam[J]. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, 1978 (274): 89- 93.
2	Garattini S. Biochemical and pharmacological properties of oxazepam[J]. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, 1978 (274): 9- 18. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb02382.x
3	Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Metabolic profile of oxazepam and related benzodiazepines: clinical and forensic aspects[J]. Drug Metab Rev, 2017, 49 (4): 451- 463. doi: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1377223
4	Wang W, Fu W, Zhu H, et al. Progress in GABAA receptor agonists for insomnia disorder[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2024, 15, 1432726. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1432726
5	Fouks L, Pinalie B, Porcheron JB, et al. The clinical activity of oxazepam[J]. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, 1978 (274): 99- 103.
6	Atack JR. Anxioselective compounds acting at the GABA(A) receptor benzodiazepine binding site[J]. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord, 2003, 2 (4): 213- 232. doi: 10.2174/1568007033482841
7	Möhler H. GABA(A) receptor diversity and pharmacology[J]. Cell Tissue Res, 2006, 326 (2): 505- 516. doi: 10.1007/s00441-006-0284-3
8	Barker JS, Hines RM. Regulation of GABA(A) receptor subunit expression in substance use disorders[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21 (12): 4445. doi: 10.3390/ijms21124445
9	Maleeva G, Nin-Hill A, Wirth U, et al. Light-activated agonist-potentiator of GABA(A) receptors for reversible neuroinhibition in wildtype mice[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 2024, 146 (42): 28822- 28831. doi: 10.1021/jacs.4c08446
10	Owen RM, Blakemore D, Cao L, et al. Design and identification of a novel, functionally subtype selective GABA(A) positive allosteric modulator (PF-06372865)[J]. J Med Chem, 2019, 62 (12): 5773- 5796.
11	Alván G, Odar-Cederlöf I. The pharmacokinetic profile of oxazepam[J]. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, 1978 (274): 47- 55. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb02387.x
12	Sonne J, Loft S, Døssing M, et al. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of oxazepam[J]. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 1988, 35 (4): 385- 389. doi: 10.1007/BF00561369
13	Srivastava K, Hatanaka T, Aiba T, et al. Single dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oxazepam in normal and renal dysfunction rats[J]. Biol Pharm Bull, 1999, 22 (6): 627- 632. doi: 10.1248/bpb.22.627
14	Court MH, Duan SX, Guillemette C, et al. Stereoselective conjugation of oxazepam by human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs): S-oxazepam is glucuronidated by UGT2B15, while R-oxazepam is glucuronidated by UGT2B7 and UGT1A9[J]. Drug Metab Dispos, 2002, 30 (11): 1257- 1265. doi: 10.1124/dmd.30.11.1257
15	Sonne J, Boesgaard S, Poulsen HE, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oxazepam and metabolism of paracetamol in severe hypothyroidism[J]. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1990, 30 (5): 737- 742. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03844.x
16	Scott AK, Khir AS, Bewsher PD, et al. Oxazepam pharmacokinetics in thyroid disease[J]. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1984, 17 (1): 49- 53. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb04998.x
17	Van Hecken AM, Tjandramaga TB, Verbesselt R, et al. The influence of diflunisal on the pharmacokinetics of oxazepam[J]. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1985, 20 (3): 225- 234. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb05065.x
18	Greenblatt DJ. Clinical pharmacokinetics of oxazepam and lorazepam[J]. Clin Pharmacokinet, 1981, 6 (2): 89- 105. doi: 10.2165/00003088-198106020-00001
19	Bliwise D, Seidel W, Greenblatt DJ, et al. Nighttime and daytime efficacy of flurazepam and oxazepam in chronic insomnia[J]. Am J Psychiatry, 1984, 141 (2): 191- 195. doi: 10.1176/ajp.141.2.191
20	Imlah NW. The episodic nature of anxiety and its treatment with oxazepam[J]. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, 1978 (274): 94- 98. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb02392.x
21	Imbert B, Marsot A, Liachenko N, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of high-dose oxazepam in alcohol-dependent patients: is there a risk of accumulation?[J]. Ther Drug Monit, 2016, 38 (2): 253- 258. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000262
22	Howland RH. Safety and abuse liability of oxazepam: is this benzodiazepine drug underutilized?[J]. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv, 2016, 54 (4): 22- 25. doi: 10.3928/02793695-20160322-01
23	Deberdt R. Oxazepam in the treatment of anxiety in children and the elderly[J]. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, 1978 (274): 104- 110.
24	Goldstein SE, Birnbom F, Lancee WJ, et al. Comparison of oxazepam, flurazepam and chloral hydrate as hypnotic sedatives in geriatric patients[J]. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1978, 26 (8): 366- 371. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1978.tb03686.x
25	Storm G, Oosterhuis B, Sollie FA, et al. Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between vinpocetine and oxazepam[J]. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1994, 38 (2): 143- 146. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04338.x
26	Toon S, Holt BL, Langley SJ, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between the antidepressant tianeptine and oxazepam at steady-state[J]. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 1990, 101 (2): 226- 232. doi: 10.1007/BF02244131
27	Sonne J, Døssing M, Loft S, et al. Single dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral oxazepam during concomitant administration of propranolol and labetalol[J]. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1990, 29 (1): 33- 37. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03599.x
28	Palva ES, Linnoila M. Effect of active metabolites of chlordiazepoxide and diazepam, alone or in combination with alcohol, on psychomotor skills related to driving[J]. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 1978, 13 (5): 345- 350. doi: 10.1007/BF00644607
29	Turek FW. Circadian neural rhythms in mammals[J]. Annu Rev Physiol, 1985, 47, 49- 64. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ph.47.030185.000405
30	Card JP, Moore RY. The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the golden hamster: immunohistochemical analysis of cell and fiber distribution[J]. Neuroscience, 1984, 13 (2): 415- 431. doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(84)90240-9
31	Turek FW, Losee-Olson S. A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia phase-shifts the mammalian circadian clock[J]. Nature, 1986, 321 (6066): 167- 168. doi: 10.1038/321167a0
32	Ralph MR, Menaker M. Bicuculline blocks circadian phase delays but not advances[J]. Brain Res, 1985, 325 (1/2): 362- 365. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(85)90341-5
33	Walsh JK, Muehlbach MJ, Schweitzer PK. Acute administration of triazolam for the daytime sleep of rotating shift workers[J]. Sleep, 1984, 7 (3): 223- 229. doi: 10.1093/sleep/7.3.223
34	Seidel WF, Roth T, Roehrs T, et al. Treatment of a 12-hour shift of sleep schedule with benzodiazepines[J]. Science, 1984, 224 (4654): 1262- 1264. doi: 10.1126/science.6729454
35	Moore-Ede MC, Czeisler CA, Richardson GS. Circadian timekeeping in health and disease. Part 2. Clinical implications of circadian rhythmicity[J]. N Engl J Med, 1983, 309 (9): 530- 536. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198309013090905
36	Christensen P, Lolk A, Gram LF, et al. Benzodiazepine-induced sedation and cortisol suppression. A placebo-controlled comparison of oxazepam and nitrazepam in healthy male volunteers[J]. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 1992, 106 (4): 511- 516. doi: 10.1007/BF02244823
37	Ancoli-Israel S, Kripke DF, Zorick F, et al. Effects of a single dose of flurazepam on the sleep of healthy volunteers[J]. Arzneimittelforschung, 1984, 34 (1): 99- 100.
38	De Mendonça FMR, De Mendonça G, Souza LC, et al. Benzodiazepines and sleep architecture: a systematic review[J]. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets, 2023, 22 (2): 172- 179. doi: 10.2174/1871527320666210618103344
39	Nicholson AN, Wright NA, Zetlein MB, et al. Central effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril. II. Electroencephalogram and body sway[J]. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1990, 30 (4): 537- 546. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03811.x
40	Götestam KG, Oppöyen F, Berntzen D. Treatment of insomnia with two benzodiazepines: a double-blind crossover study[J]. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 1991, 41 (2): 137- 140. doi: 10.1007/bf00265906
41	Gallais H, Casanova P, Fabregat H. Midazolam and oxazepam in the treatment of insomnia in hospitalized patients [J]. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1983, 16 Suppl 1(Suppl 1): 145s-149s.
42	Linnoila M, Viukari M, Lamminsivu U, et al. Efficacy and side effects of lorazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam as sleeping aids in psychogeriatric inpatients[J]. Int Pharmacopsychiatry, 1980, 15 (2): 129- 135. doi: 10.1159/000468424
43	Sarris J, Scholey A, Schweitzer I, et al. The acute effects of kava and oxazepam on anxiety, mood, neurocognition; and genetic correlates: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study[J]. Hum Psychopharmacol, 2012, 27 (3): 262- 269. doi: 10.1002/hup.2216
44	Wisiak UV, Kröll W, List WF. Anxiety in the perioperative phase--a double-blind study using oxazepam [J]. Anaesthesiol Reanim, 1989, 14(2): 113-118.
45	Barrett RF, James PD, Macleod KC. Oxazepam premedication in neurosurgical patients. The use of a fast-dissolving oral preparation of oxazepam as a pre-operative anxiolytic drug in neurosurgical patients[J]. Anaesthesia, 1984, 39 (5): 429- 432. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1984.tb07310.x
46	Koepke HH, Gold RL, Linden ME, et al. Multicenter controlled study of oxazepam in anxious elderly outpatients[J]. Psychosomatics, 1982, 23 (6): 641- 645. doi: 10.1016/S0033-3182(82)73363-8
47	Strand M, Hetta J, Rosen A, et al. A double-blind, controlled trial in primary care patients with generalized anxiety: a comparison between buspirone and oxazepam [J]. J Clin Psychiatry, 1990, 51 Suppl: 40-45.
48	Altamura AC, Moliterno D, Paletta S, et al. Understanding the pharmacokinetics of anxiolytic drugs[J]. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol, 2013, 9 (4): 423- 440. doi: 10.1517/17425255.2013.759209
49	Vinkers CH, Tijdink JK, Luykx JJ, et al. Choosing the correct benzodiazepine: mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics[J]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 2012, 155 (35): A4900.
50	Landon JF, Sher KJ, Shah JH. Effects of oxazepam on anxiety: implications for Fowles' psychophysiological interpretation of Gray's model[J]. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 1993, 113 (1): 137- 143. doi: 10.1007/BF02244346
51	Baas JM, Grillon C, Böcker KB, et al. Benzodiazepines have no effect on fear-potentiated startle in humans[J]. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 2002, 161 (3): 233- 247.
52	Fogelson DL. Lorazepam and oxazepam in the treatment of panic disorder[J]. J Clin Psychopharmacol, 1988, 8 (2): 150- 151. doi: 10.1097/00004714-198804000-00024
53	Lion JR. Benzodiazepines in the treatment of aggressive patients[J]. J Clin Psychiatry, 1979, 40 (2): 70- 71.
54	Kochansky GE, Salzman C, Shader RI, et al. Effects of chlordiazepoxide and oxazepam administration on verbal hostility[J]. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1977, 34 (12): 1457- 1459. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1977.01770240083007
55	Weisman AM, Berman ME, Taylor SP. Effects of clorazepate, diazepam, and oxazepam on a laboratory measurement of aggression in men[J]. Int Clin Psychopharmacol, 1998, 13 (4): 183- 188. doi: 10.1097/00004850-199807000-00005
56	Gerra G, Zaimovic A, Giusti F, et al. Intravenous flumazenil versus oxazepam tapering in the treatment of benzodiazepine withdrawal: a randomized, placebo-controlled study[J]. Addict Biol, 2002, 7 (4): 385- 395. doi: 10.1080/1355621021000005973
57	Rupprecht R, Wetzel CH, Dorostkar M, et al. Translocator protein (18kDa) TSPO: a new diagnostic or therapeutic target for stress-related disorders?[J]. Mol Psychiatry, 2022, 27 (7): 2918- 2926. doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01561-3
58	Howland RH. Oxazepam for the treatment of substance abuse and depression: is it appropriate?[J]. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv, 2016, 54 (5): 21- 24. doi: 10.3928/02793695-20160420-03
59	Liere P, Pianos A, Oudinet JP, et al. Differential effects of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) ligand etifoxine on steroidogenesis in rat brain, plasma and steroidogenic glands: Pharmacodynamic studies[J]. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2017, 83, 122- 134. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.05.022
60	Rupprecht R, Papadopoulos V, Rammes G, et al. Translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) as a therapeutic target for neurological and psychiatric disorders[J]. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2010, 9 (12): 971- 988. doi: 10.1038/nrd3295
61	Puig-Bosch X, Ballmann M, Bieletzki S, et al. Neurosteroids mediate neuroprotection in an in vitro model of hypoxic/hypoglycaemic excitotoxicity via δ-GABA(A) receptors without affecting synaptic plasticity[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24 (10): 8525.
62	Riebel M, Brunner LM, Nothdurfter C, et al. Neurosteroids and translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) ligands as novel treatment options in depression[J]. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 2025, 275 (6): 1581- 1591. doi: 10.1007/s00406-024-01843-7
63	Rupprecht R, Pradhan AK, Kufner M, et al. Neurosteroids and translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) in depression: implications for synaptic plasticity, cognition, and treatment options[J]. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 2023, 273 (7): 1477- 1487. doi: 10.1007/s00406-022-01532-3
64	Spence AL, Guerin GF, Goeders NE. The differential effects of alprazolam and oxazepam on methamphetamine self-administration in rats[J]. Drug Alcohol Depend, 2016, 166, 209- 217. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.015
65	Kablinger AS, Lindner MA, Casso S, et al. Effects of the combination of metyrapone and oxazepam on cocaine craving and cocaine taking: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study[J]. J Psychopharmacol, 2012, 26 (7): 973- 981. doi: 10.1177/0269881111430745
66	Goeders NE, Guerin GF, Schmoutz CD. The combination of metyrapone and oxazepam for the treatment of cocaine and other drug addictions[J]. Adv Pharmacol, 2014, 69, 419- 479. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420118-7.00011-1
67	Burmester S, Krüger C, Franck J, et al. At the tipping point: patient experiences of addiction to benzodiazepines and motivation to seek treatment[J]. J Subst Use Addict Treat, 2024, 167, 209508. doi: 10.1016/j.josat.2024.209508
68	Bahji A, Bach P, Danilewitz M, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapies for alcohol withdrawal: a systematic review and network meta-analysis[J]. Addiction, 2022, 117 (10): 2591- 2601. doi: 10.1111/add.15853
69	Hayashida M, Alterman AI, Mclellan AT, et al. Comparative effectiveness and costs of inpatient and outpatient detoxification of patients with mild-to-moderate alcohol withdrawal syndrome[J]. N Engl J Med, 1989, 320 (6): 358- 365. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198902093200605
70	Daeppen JB, Gache P, Landry U, et al. Symptom-triggered vs fixed-schedule doses of benzodiazepine for alcohol withdrawal: a randomized treatment trial[J]. Arch Intern Med, 2002, 162 (10): 1117- 1121. doi: 10.1001/archinte.162.10.1117
71	De Millas W, Ganzer F, Kuhn S, et al. Oxazepam versus clomethiazol in alcohol withdrawal treatment[J]. Eur Addict Res, 2010, 16 (4): 179- 184. doi: 10.1159/000317246
72	Schmider J, Standhart H, Deuschle M, et al. A double-blind comparison of lorazepam and oxazepam in psychomotor retardation and mutism[J]. Biol Psychiatry, 1999, 46 (3): 437- 441. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00312-6
73	Flint AJ. Generalised anxiety disorder in elderly patients: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment options[J]. Drugs Aging, 2005, 22 (2): 101- 114. doi: 10.2165/00002512-200522020-00002
74	Nilsonne G, Tamm S, Golkar A, et al. Oxazepam and cognitive reappraisal: a randomised experiment[J]. PLoS One, 2021, 16 (4): e0249065. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249065
75	Liljequist R, Palva E, Linnoila M. Effects on learning and memory of 2-week treatments with chlordiazepoxide lactam, N-desmethyldiazepam, oxazepam and methyloxazepam, alone or in combination with alcohol[J]. Int Pharmacopsychiatry, 1979, 14 (4): 190- 198. doi: 10.1159/000468381
76	Zetsen SPG, Schellekens AFA, Paling EP, et al. Cognitive functioning in long-term benzodiazepine users[J]. Eur Addict Res, 2022, 28 (5): 377- 381. doi: 10.1159/000525988
77	Sen A, Tai XY. Sleep duration and executive function in adults[J]. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep, 2023, 23 (11): 801- 813. doi: 10.1007/s11910-023-01309-8
78	Chalabianloo F, Fadnes LT, Assmus J, et al. Benzodiazepine agonist treatment for patients with benzodiazepine dependence undergoing opioid agonist treatment: a study protocol for the randomized controlled trial BMX-BAR[J]. Trials, 2025, 26 (1): 2. doi: 10.1186/s13063-024-08692-8
79	Tomson G, Lunell NO, Sundwall A, et al. Pharmacokinetics of oxazepam given during labour[J]. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, 1978 (274): 75- 81. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb02389.x
80	Ballokova A, Peel NM, Fialova D, et al. Use of benzodiazepines and association with falls in older people admitted to hospital: a prospective cohort study[J]. Drugs Aging, 2014, 31 (4): 299- 310. doi: 10.1007/s40266-014-0159-3
81	Picton JD, Marino AB, Nealy KL. Benzodiazepine use and cognitive decline in the elderly[J]. Am J Health Syst Pharm, 2018, 75 (1): e6- e12. doi: 10.2146/ajhp160381
82	Liu L, Jian P, Zhou Y, et al. Is the long-term use of benzodiazepines associated with worse cognition performance in highly educated older adults?[J]. Front Psychiatry, 2020, 11, 595623. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.595623

[1]	翟菲菲, 黄颜. 睡眠相关过度运动性癫痫诊疗进展[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2026, 31(2): 168-174.
[2]	严婧, 罗爱林, 李世勇. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者上气道手术围手术期管理研究进展[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2026, 31(2): 265-271.
[3]	赵雯昕, 熊兴宇, 谭雯, 汪媛媛, 孙正秀, 林永傲, 刘鹤, 曹君利. 骨科手术患者术后睡眠障碍的研究进展[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2026, 31(2): 281-288.
[4]	李庆云, 黄珂. 日间过度思睡病因及诊疗现状[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2025, 30(12): 1587-1595.
[5]	王赞, 王瑞琦, 张亚男, 蔡李佳, 孙晴晴. 前沿探索：觉醒调控机制新进展及其对新药开发的启示[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2025, 30(12): 1596-1605.
[6]	吴惠涓, 赵忠新. 促觉醒药物的研发：过去、现在与未来[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2025, 30(12): 1606-1614.
[7]	欧琼, 周若菡, 蔡洧丹. 促觉醒药物用于阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停残余日间过度思睡的进展[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2025, 30(12): 1625-1631.
[8]	张斌, 辛倩倩, 黄豪康. 多巴胺去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂治疗日间过度思睡研究进展[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2025, 30(12): 1632-1639.
[9]	何超, 罗心为, 于清崧, 李亚东. 食欲素调控睡眠-觉醒周期的神经环路机制[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2025, 30(11): 1443-1452.
[10]	寇梁, 夏昀, 王涛. 失眠障碍的发生机制和药物干预策略[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2025, 30(11): 1479-1490.
[11]	孙静梓, 刘维英, 胡澳燕, 鲍八虎, 叶育才, 陈国荣. 阿片类药物对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的影响研究进展[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2025, 30(1): 125-130.
[12]	陈思蕊, 李军强, 党小利, 王天成. 吡仑帕奈在癫痫共病治疗中的研究进展[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2024, 29(3): 354-360.
[13]	武兴东, 岳红梅, 朱浩斌, 刘苗苗, 李雅亭, 许金回. 药物治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的研究进展[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2024, 29(2): 215-229.
[14]	许金回, 岳红梅, 李雅亭, 刘苗苗, 武兴东, 朱浩斌. 间充质干细胞对OSAHS病理生理调节机制的研究进展[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2024, 29(1): 114-120.
[15]	吴雄志, 王宣, 徐四七, 居霞, 王胜斌, 陈永权. 咪达唑仑口服溶液比右美托咪定喷鼻更有效缓解儿童术前焦虑[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2023, 28(6): 666-670.