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中国临床药理学与治疗学 ›› 2025, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 1606-1614.doi: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.12.003

• 日间过度思睡(EDS)诊疗进展 • 上一篇    下一篇

促觉醒药物的研发:过去、现在与未来

吴惠涓,赵忠新   

  1. 海军军医大学第二附属医院(上海长征医院)神经内科,上海  200003
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-12 修回日期:2025-11-06 出版日期:2025-12-26 发布日期:1900-01-01
  • 通讯作者: 赵忠新,通信作者,男,硕士,主任医师,教授,研究方向:神经病学,睡眠医学。 E-mail: neuzhaozx@163.com 赵忠新,海军军医大学第二附属医院主任医师、教授、博士生导师;中国睡眠研究会第6届副理事长、《中国临床药理学与治疗学》杂志副主编;主持制定我国睡眠行业指南12部;以第一/通讯作者发表文章300余篇;主编专著10部,担任全国高等学校教材《睡眠医学》第1、2版主编;获得国家自然科学基金、科技部重大专项基金、国家科技著作出版基金等18项;获国家发明专利与实用新型专利15项;获省部级科技进步奖与医疗成果奖10项;荣获第二届“国之名医·卓越建树”称号,中国医师协会“中国杰出睡眠医师” 等荣誉。
  • 作者简介:吴惠涓,女,博士,主任医师,教授,研究方向:神经病学,睡眠医学。 E-mail: huijuan.w@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    上海市自然科学基金(19ZR1457000)

The development of wake-promoting agents: past, present and future

WU Huijuan, ZHAO Zhongxin   

  1. Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China 
  • Received:2025-09-12 Revised:2025-11-06 Online:2025-12-26 Published:1900-01-01

摘要:

促觉醒药物(wake-promoting agents,WPAs)是一类主要兴奋大脑皮质,具有促进觉醒、提高警觉性、增强注意力、改善认知功能和减少疲劳等作用的药物。WPAs的使用可追溯至数百年前,传统常用的WPAs包括咖啡因和苯丙胺类兴奋剂等,但其疗效与耐受性的矛盾(如药物依赖、心血管副作用)以及对特定病因(如发作性睡病)的日间过度思睡(excessive daytime sleepiness,EDS)疗效不足的临床局限性,促使了新型WPAs的研发。相较于传统药物,新型WPAs莫达非尼、索安非托、替洛利生因其安全性优势成为这一领域的重要突破。食欲素受体激动剂的发现也为WPAs的研发开辟了新的方向。本文就WPAs研发的过去、现在与未来进行综述,旨在为临床制定个体化治疗方案提供参考依据。

关键词: 促觉醒药物, 研发, 发作性睡病, 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停, 发展历程 

Abstract:

Wake-promoting agents (WPAs) are a class of drugs that primarily excite the cerebral cortex, with effects including promoting wakefulness, increasing alertness, enhancing attention, improving cognitive function, and reducing fatigue. The use of WPAs can be traced back hundreds of years, with traditional commonly used WPAs including caffeine and amphetamine stimulants. However, the contradictions between their efficacy and tolerability (such as drug dependence and cardiovascular side effects), as well as the clinical limitations of insufficient efficacy for excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in specific etiologies (such as narcolepsy), have driven the development of novel WPAs. Compared to traditional drugs, novel WPAs such as modafinil, solriamfetol, and pitolisant have become important breakthroughs in this field due to their safety advantages. The discovery of orexin receptor agonists has also opened new directions for WPA development. This article reviews the past, present, and future of WPA development, aiming to provide a reference basis for formulating individualized treatment plans in clinical practice.

Key words: wake-promoting agents, development, narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, evolution

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