Abstract: Fever is a sign of infection and inflammatory diseases in the body. Persistent high fever will lead to cell degeneration, causing multiple organ dysfunction, and seriously affecting brain nerve and tissue function. Although the fever process is common and ordinary, its pathological mechanism involves multiple signaling pathways, such as nuclear transcription factor κB signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. A large number of studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine compound and its active components can reduce serum inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and hypothalamic thermoregulatory mediators (PGE2, cAMP), inhibit NF-κB signaling pathway, and effectively inhibit the pathological increase of body temperature. This paper summarizes the relevant literature in PubMed and CNKI database, and systematically expounds the active components of traditional Chinese medicine and the antipyretic effect of compound prescription, in order to provide theoretical basis and research ideas for the use of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of fever and the excavation of new anti-fever drugs.

Key words: fever, nuclear transcription factor κB signaling pathway, active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, antipyretic