Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the continuous development of anti-HER2-targeted drugs, more treatment options have been provided for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer and the survival prognosis has been significantly improved. At present, anti-HER2 targeted drugs mainly include monoclonal antibody drugs such as trastuzumab and pertuzumab, small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as lapatinib and neratinib, and antibody-drug conjugates such as T-DM1 and T-DXd, which play an extremely important role in different disease processes. The treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer is based on targeted therapy with trastuzumab. Early-stage patients with high risk factors can be treated with intensive targeted therapy to further improve the prognosis, while advanced patients need a reasonable arrangement of targeted therapy to overcome drug resistance and prolong survival. This article will review the current status, the latest research progress and the future prospects of anti-HER2 targeted therapy in different stages of the disease.