Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive bone destruction, with joint swelling caused by synovial inflammation in the early stage, and joint deformity caused by cartilage and bone destruction occurring in the middle and late stages as inflammation develops, resulting in a 75% disability and deformity rate within three years, and the prevention and treatment of RA bone and joint destruction is of urgency, and it is therefore of great significance to search for effective drugs to treat RA bone destruction. Studies have shown that wrinkled skin papaya can treat RA bone destruction, but the composition and mechanism of action are unknown, so this review aims to provide an overview of the mechanism of action of the effective active ingredients in wrinkled skin papaya for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis bone destruction, and to provide a basis and direction for the development of novel formulations of traditional Chinese medicines for anti-RA bone destruction.