Abstract: AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the exogenous pulmonary surfactants(PS) in the treatment of full term neonates with pulmonary hemorrhage. METHODS: Forty full-term newborns with pulmonary hemorrhage were equally randomized into PS group (mechanical ventilation+PS and instillation of hemocoagulase via endotracheal tube,n=20) and control group(mechanical ventilation+ hemocoagulase instillation via endotracheal tube,n=20).The blood was obtained in the two groups via radial artery respectively at 6, 12,24 h after intervention for blood gas analysis.Other data were maintained concerning the indexes of respiratory mechanics(PIP and Crs), oxygen kinetic(PaCO₂,PaO₂ and PaO₂/FiO₂), case fatality rate, mean time for stoppage of pulmonary hemorrhage and withdrawal of the breathing apparatus. RESULTS: In PS group, 18 cases were cured and 2 cases died, and in the controls, 17 cases were cured and death occurred in 3 cases. The case fatality rate was 10% vs 15% for the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).The time for hemorrhage stoppage and withdrawal of the ventilator was significantly reduced in PS group, and the indexes of PIP at each time point were lower, whereas the levels of Crs, PaO₂ and PaO₂/FiO₂ were elevated; compared with the controls,there were statistically significant difference (all P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference about the PaO₂ at each point (all P<0.05) had no difference. CONCLUSION: The exogenous PS is safe and effective in treatment of full-term neonates with pulmonary hemorrhage.

Key words: pulmonary surfactant, pulmonary hemorrhage, full-term newborn