Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem, and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is an important intervention method. As a new nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has the characteristics of strong liver targeting and low peripheral blood exposure. Although it has been used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B widely, its application in blocking mother-to-child transmission of HBV is still limited. This paper reviews the characteristics of TAF, the effects of TAF on infants and pregnant women, in order to provide new ideas for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV.