Circular RNA: function and role in colorectal cancer

Abstract

Abstract:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common human digestive system malignant tumor, and its morbidity and mortality are in the third place among different diseases. Many factors including age, life style, obesity, and smoking are involved in the morbidity of CRC. Recent studies have demonstrated the abnormal expressions of non-coding RNAs, including circular RNA, participate in the development and progression of CRC. CircRNAs are a novel type of endogenous long noncoding RNAs, unlike the better known linear RNA, forms a covalently closed continuous loop. Recent studies indicate that circRNAs can function as sponges of miRNA and regulators of splicing and transcription. CircRNAs can also modulate protein-protein interaction and affect the maturation of ribosomal. Emerging evidence indicates that circRNAs play a vital role in controlling the proliferation, metastasis and invasion of tumor cells. This review focuses on the function of circRNAs and discusses its role in colorectal cancer.

Key words: colorectal cancer, circRNA

CLC Number:

R735.3

PENG Xiangdong，FANG Weijin，HE Yang，GUO Ren. Circular RNA: function and role in colorectal cancer[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2017, 22(10): 1189-1194.

References

［1］Kolakofsky D. Isolation and characterization of Sendai virus DI-RNAs［J］. Cell, 1976, 8(4): 547-555.
［2］Sanger HL, Klotz G, Riesner D, et al.Viroids are single-stranded covalently closed circular RNA molecules existing as highly base-paired rod-like structures［J］. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1976, 73(11): 3852-3856.
［3］Hsu MT,Coca-prados M.Electron microscopic evidence for the circular form of RNA in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells［J］.Nature,1979,280(5720):339-40.
［4］Arnberg AC, Van Ommen GJ, Grivell LA，et al. Some yeast mitochondrial RNAs are circular［J］. Cell, 1980, 19(2): 313-319.
［5］Nigro JM, Cho KR, Fearon ER, et al. Scrambled exons［J］. Cell, 1991, 64(3): 607-613.
［6］Clepet C, Schafer AJ, Sinclair AH, et al. The human SRY transcript［J］. Hum Mol Genet, 1993, 2(12): 2007-2012.
［7］Memczak S, Jens M, Elefsinioti A, et al. Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency［J］. Nature, 2013, 495(7441): 333-338.
［8］Jeck WR, Sorrentino JA, Wang K, et al. Circular RNAs are abundant, conserved, and associated with ALU repeats［J］. RNA, 2013, 19(2): 141-157.
［9］Salzman J, Gawad C, Wang PL, et al. Circular RNAs are the predominant transcript isoform from hundreds of human genes in diverse cell types［J］. PLoS One, 2012, 7(2): e30733.
［10］Hansen TB, Jensen TI, Clausen BH, et al. Natural RNA circles function as efficient microRNA sponges［J］. Nature, 2013, 495(7441): 384-388.
［11］Peng L, Yuan XQ, Lig C.The emerging landscape of circular RNA ciRS-7 in cancer (Review)［J］. Oncol Rep, 2015, 33(6): 2669-2674.
［12］Liu Y, Cui H, Wang W, et al. Construction of circular miRNA sponges targeting miR-21 or miR-221 and demonstration of their excellent anticancer effects on malignant melanoma cells［J］. Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 2013, 45(11): 2643-2650.
［13］Zhang Y, Zhang X O, Chen T, et al. Circular intronic long noncoding RNAs［J］. Mol Cell, 2013, 51(6): 792-806.
［14］Huang G, Li S, Yang N, et al. Recent progress in circular RNAs in human cancers［J］. Cancer Lett, 2017, 404：8-18.
［15］Chen LL. The biogenesis and emerging roles of circular RNAs［J］. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2016, 17(4): 205-211.
［16］Du WW, Yang W, Liu E, et al. Foxo3 circular RNA retards cell cycle progression via forming ternary complexes with p21 and CDK2［J］. Nucleic Acids Res, 2016, 44(6): 2846-2858.
［17］Du WW, Fang L, Yang W, et al. Induction of tumor apoptosis through a circular RNA enhancing Foxo3 activity［J］. Cell Death Differ, 2017, 24(2): 357-370.
［18］Holdt LM, Stahringer A, Sass K, et al. Circular non-coding RNA ANRIL modulates ribosomal RNA maturation and atherosclerosis in humans［J］. Nat Commun, 2016, 7：12429.
［19］Liapustin VN, Gritsun TS, Lashkevich VA.［Nonstructural protein NV5 of the tick-borne encephalitis virus possesses precipitating activity characteristic for the nonvirion (soluble) antigen］［J］. Vopr Virusol, 1986, 31(3): 329-333.
［20］Chen CY, Sarnow P. Initiation of protein synthesis by the eukaryotic translational apparatus on circular RNAs［J］. Science, 1995, 268(5209): 415-417.
［21］Abouhaidar MG, Venkataraman S, Golshani A, et al. Novel coding, translation, and gene expression of a replicating covalently closed circular RNA of 220 n ［J］. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2014, 111(40): 14542-14547.
［22］Wang Y, Wang Z. Efficient backsplicing produces translatable circular mRNAs［J］. RNA, 2015, 21(2): 172-179.
［23］Yang Y, Fan X, Mao M, et al. Extensive translation of circular RNAs driven by N6-methyladenosine［J］. Cell Res, 2017, 27(5): 626-641.
［24］Legnini I, Di timoteo G, Rossi F, et al. Circ-ZNF609 Is a Circular RNA that Can Be Translated and Functions in Myogenesis［J］. Mol Cell, 2017, 66(1): 22-37 e9.
［25］Pamudurti n R, Bartok O, Jens M, et al. Translation of CircRNAs［J］. Mol Cell, 2017, 66(1): 9-21 e7.
［26］孙跃胜, 屈强, 潘江华, 等. 长链非编码RNA在结直肠癌中的作用［J］.中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2017, 22（2）: 222-227.
［27］Wang F, Nazarali AJ, Ji S. Circular RNAs as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapy［J］. Am J Cancer Res, 2016, 6(6): 1167-1176.
［28］Bachmayr-heyda A, Reiner AT, Auer K, et al. Correlation of circular RNA abundance with proliferation--exemplified with colorectal and ovarian cancer, idiopathic lung fibrosis, and normal human tissues［J］. Sci Rep, 2015, 5：8057.
［29］Dou Y, Cha DJ, Franklin JL, et al. Circular RNAs are down-regulated in KRAS mutant colon cancer cells and can be transferred to exosomes［J］. Sci Rep, 2016, 6：37982.
［30］Hansen TB, Kjems J, Damgaard CK. Circular RNA and miR-7 in cancer［J］. Cancer Res, 2013, 73(18): 5609-5612.
［31］Huang G, Zhu H, Shi Y, et al. cir-ITCH plays an inhibitory role in colorectal cancer by regulating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway［J］. PLoS One, 2015, 10(6): e0131225.
［32］Guo JU, Agarwal V, Guo H, et al. Expanded identification and characterization of mammalian circular RNAs［J］. Genome Biol, 2014, 15(7): 409.
［33］Hsiao KY, Lin YC, Gupta SK, et al. Noncoding Effects of Circular RNA CCDC66 Promote Colon Cancer Growth and Metastasis［J］. Cancer Res, 2017, 77(9): 2339-2350.
［34］Zhu M, Xu Y, Chen Y, et al. Circular BANP, an upregulated circular RNA that modulates cell proliferation in colorectal cancer［J］. Biomed Pharmacother, 2017, 88：138-144.
［35］Li Y, Zheng QP, Bao CY, et al. Circular RNA is enriched and stable in exosomes: a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis［J］. Cell Res, 2015, 25(8): 981-984.
［36］Zhang XL, Xu LL, Wang F. Hsa_circ_0020397 regulates colorectal cancer cell viability, apoptosis, and invasion by promoting the expression of the miR-138 targets TERT and PD-L1［J］. Cell Biol Int, 2017, 41(9):1056-1064.
［37］Wang X, Zhang Y, Huang L, et al. Decreased expression of hsa_circ_001988 in colorectal cancer and its clinical significances［J］. Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 2015, 8(12): 16020-16025.
［38］Xie H, Ren X, Xin S, et al. Emerging roles of circRNA_001569 targeting miR-145 in the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer［J］. Oncotarget, 2016, 7(18): 26680-26691.
［39］Guo JN, Li J, Zhu CL, et al. Comprehensive profile of differentially expressed circular RNAs reveals that hsa_circ_0000069 is upregulated and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in colorectal cancer［J］. Onco Targets Ther, 2016, 9：7451-7458.
［40］Zhang P, Zuo Z, Shang W, et al. Identification of differentially expressed circular RNAs in human colorectal cancer［J］. Tumour Biol, 2017, 39(3): 1010428317694546.
［41］Xie SS, Jin J, Xu X, et al. Emerging roles of non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer: Pathogenesis and clinical implications［J］. World J Gastroenterol, 2016, 22(3): 1213-123.
［42］Wan L, Zhang L, FAn K, et al. Circular RNA-ITCH suppresses lung cancer proliferation via inhibiting the wnt/beta-catenin pathway［J］. Biomed Res Int, 2016, 2016：1579490.
［43］Weng W, Wei Q, Toden S, et al. Circular RNA ciRS-7-A promising prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer［J］. Clin Cancer Res, 2017, 23(14): 3918- 3928.
［44］Xiong W, Ai YQ, Li YF, et al. Microarray analysis of circular rna expression profile associated with 5-Fluorouracil-Based chemoradiation resistance in colorectal cancer cells［J］. Biomed Res Int, 2017, 2017，2017：8421614.
［45］Senfter D, Holzner S, Kalipciyan M, et al. Loss of miR-200 family in 5-fluorouracil resistant colon cancer drives lymphendothelial invasiveness in vitro［J］. Hum Mol Genet, 2015, 24(13): 3689- 3698.
［46］Koh W, Pan W, Gawad C, et al. Noninvasive in vivo monitoring of tissue-specific global gene expression in humans［J］. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2014, 111(20): 7361-7366.
［47］Bahn J H, Zhang Q, Li F, et al. The landscape of microRNA, Piwi-interacting RNA, and circular RNA in human saliva［J］. Clin Chem, 2015, 61(1): 221-230.
［48］Lin X, Lo HC, Wong DT, et al. Noncoding RNAs in human saliva as potential disease biomarkers［J］. Front Genet, 2015, 6：175.

[1]	SHI Dawei, ZHENG Xiaoyong, JIN Xiaodan, ZHAO Xiaoman, CHEN Jie, DU Xingjun. Implication of XPC rs2228001 polymorphism on the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer who were treated with capecitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2023, 28(4): 391-399.
[2]	WEI Zhenzhen, SUI Hua, JIANG Yulang, SUN Mingyu, YAN Huaru, WANG Ziyuan. Research on the molecular mechanism of Zuo Jin Wan combined with cetuximab inducing ferroptosis in KRAS mutant colorectal cancer cells [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2023, 28(2): 130-137.
[3]	ZHOU Guangchen, LIU Yixi, ZHENG Yun. Colorectal cancer and microRNA: research progress [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2022, 27(5): 575-587.
[4]	CAI Zichun, JIANG Yuanzhen, ZHANG Chunsheng, LI Jiming. Research progress and application prospects of circRNA in cardiovascular diseases [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2022, 27(4): 397-404.
[5]	LI Yanyan, FANG Xiaojie, YIN Xin, SUN Xi, RAO Chunhui. circZNF124 regulates the proliferation, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer SW620 cells by targeting miR-4262 [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2022, 27(11): 1231-1239.
[6]	LU Qiong, ZHU Haihong, QI Tingting, LI Guohua, TENG Xinqi, QU Qiang, QU Jian. OCTN2 gene polymorphisms affect the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2021, 26(4): 401-407.
[7]	ZHANG Dezhi, LIU Meng, ZHU Shaogong, LIU Guiju, JI Jie. Efficacy and safety of XELOX therapy in comparison with capecitabine monotherapy in adjuvant chemotherapy for elderly patients with colorectal cancer [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2020, 25(8): 926-936.
[8]	WANG Ziyuan, SUN Mingyu. Advances in research on long non-coding RNA in drug resistance of colorectal cancer [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2020, 25(7): 796-802.
[9]	SHI Lili, LIU Xingan, SHAN Guoyong. Efficacy and safety of apatinib in the further line treatment for patients with advanced colorectal cancer failed after standard therapy and the preliminary analysis of efficacy predictors [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2020, 25(12): 1388-1394.
[10]	LI Rongzhen, MEI Jiazhuan, XIA Yunzhan, JI Jie. Prognostic factors and safety study of R0 resection colorectal cancer patients received capecitabine based adjuvant chemotherapy in real world [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2019, 24(6): 704-711.
[11]	QIAO Dawei, LI Yufang, XIAO Yun, JIANG Lishuang, BO Ping. Research progress of Scutellaria barbata against colorectal cancer and its metastasis mechanism [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2019, 24(3): 332-336.
[12]	BAI Yan, ZHENG Xiaoyong, YANG Yage, FANG Lifeng. Influence of programmed death-ligand 1 genetic variation on the clinical outcomes of postoperative CRC patients received 5-FU based adjuvant chemotherapy [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2019, 24(2): 180-187.
[13]	LI Xiaojie,ZHANG Shengwei,WANG Huasheng,WANG Dong, MEI Jiazhuan, DENG Yewei. Effects of polymorphism of vascular endothelial growth factor A on the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients received fluorouracil based adjuvant chemotherapy [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2018, 23(8): 900-904.
[14]	HU Yang, LI Zhixing, WANG Guo, ZHU Yuanshan. Research progress of lncRNA and chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2018, 23(4): 456-463.
[15]	ZHANG Yang, CHEN Zhikang, GUO Xiong, WANG Wen. Security observation of intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy with Raltitrexed in laparoscopic radical operation for colorectal cancer [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2018, 23(3): 313-318.