Table of Content

Volume 18 Issue 4
26 April 2013

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Effects of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine on the endometrium receptivity from endometriosis through modulation HOXA10 gene

WANG Li, WU Yu, LU Xiang, WANG Min, SUN Jian, GAO Xiao-hong, SUN Ying, LI Xin-yan

2013, 18(4):  361-365. 

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AIM: To study the effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA) on the endometrium from endometriosis.METHODS: Primary culture endometrial epithelia cells from endometriosis were treated with AZA for 24 h. Bisulfite sequencing were performed to detect difference in methylation patterns. The expression levels of HOXA10 were measured with Real-time reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) and Western Blot.RESULTS: After treatment with AZA for 24 h,the promoter region of the HOXA10 gene exhibited a demethylation status,and the expression of HOXA10 was increased.CONCLUSION: The AZA could reverse methylation of HOXA10 gene to regulate the expression of HOXA10 gene, then inducing the endometrial receptivity in endometriosis.

Effects of sesamin on aortic relaxation in renal hypertensive-hyperlipidemia rats

KONG Xiang, YANG Jie-ren, GUO Li-qun, ZHOU Yong

2013, 18(4):  366-370. 

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AIM: To investigate the possible in vivo protective effects of sesamin on aortic relaxation in renal hypertensive-hyperlipidemia rats (RHHR).METHODS: RHHR were orally administrated with sesamin at a dose of 100, 33 and 10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1, respectively. After 8 weeks of treatment, the vasorelaxation response to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was measured in aortic rings. Furthermore, the aortic response to ACh after being incubated with N-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester and NO bioactivity were determined.RESULTS: Compared with the sham-operated rats, ACh- and SNP- induced aortic vasorelaxation and NO bioactivity were obviously decreased in RHHR. These abnormalities were essentially reversed by treatment with sesamin for 8 weeks.CONCLUSION: All these results suggest that chronic treatment with sesamin reduces hypertension through improvement of impaired endothelium-dependent and -independent vasorelaxation in RHHR.

Consistency assessment and disposition in vivo after oral administration of celecoxib capsules to Beagle dogs

CUI Tao, GAO Jing, YI Xiu-lin, ZENG Yong, LI Wei, SI Duan-yun

2013, 18(4):  371-375. 

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AIM: Establish an HPLC method for the determination of celecoxib in dog plasma. Besides evaluate in vivo disposition consistency by comparing their pharmacokinetic parameters after oral administration of celecoxib capsules or Celebrex to Beagle dogs.METHODS: According to a two-period crossover design, 8 Beagle dogs received a single oral dose of test or reference capsules, respectively. The plasma concentration of celecoxib was determined by the established HPLC method. The pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability were calculated.RESULTS: The relative bioavailability of celecoxib was (106.0±26.7) %. Based on the analysis of variance, two-sided t-test and rank sum test of the pharmacokinetic parameters including t_max, C_max, and AUC_(0→t), there were no significant difference between both preparations (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The disposition in vivo of celecoxib capsules is in consistency with that of Celebrex.

Effects of electroacupuncture combined with compound salviae miltiorrhizae on the expressions of BDNF, TrkB and VEGF in cortex of chronic cerebral ischemia rats

ZHANG Ye-gui, DIN Yan-xia, HOU Liang-qin

2013, 18(4):  376-381. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) combined with Compound Salviae Miltiorrhizae (CSM) on the expressions of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF),Tyrosine kinaseB(TrkB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cortex of chronic cerebral ischemia rats,and to explore its mechanism of treating chronic cerebral ischemia.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to permanent bilateral Ligation of common carotid artery to prepare chronic cerebral ischemia model rats. The 32 rats were successfully made and were randomly divided into model group,CSM group,EA group,and EA+CSM group(n=8). One week after modeling,CSM at 0.75 g/kg was given to CSM group rats by gastrogavage,EA at Baihui and Dazhui was performed to EA group rats for 30 min,the EA+CSM group was treated with both CSM gastrogavage and electroacupuncture therapy,once a day for 5 weeks. In the experiments, eight SD rats were used as control group.The expressions of BDNF,TrkB and VEGF in the cortex area were detected by immuno-histochemical assay and image analysis.RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group,the expressions of BDNF,TrkB and VEGF in the cortex of the model group were obviously lower (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Compared with the model group,the expressions of BDNF,TrkB and VEGF in the cortex of the CSM group,the EA group,and the EA+CSM group were obviously increased (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The BDNF,TrkB and VEGF expressions in the cortex of EA+CSM group was obviously higher than those of the CSM group and the EA group (P<0.01 or P<0.05).CONCLUSION: EA combined with CSM can protect the chronic cerebral ischemia rats from the ischemia injury,the mechanism of which may related to up-regulating the expressions of BDNF,TrkB and VEGF.

Effect of MIF siRNA on the expression of Toll-like receptors and down stream signaling components in A549 cells

MO Hong-ying, JIANG Yong-nan, LI Yi-min, LAI Le, XIAO Zheng-lun

2013, 18(4):  382-387. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect and mechanism of the small interfering RNAs (siRNA) for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on expression of TLRs and downstream signaling components in alveolar epithial cell line A549 stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).METHODS: MIF siRNA and nonspecific siRNA were transfected into A549 cells by liposome respectively, then these cells were stimulated with LPS. The expression of MIF, TLR2, TLR4 mRNA were measured by RT-PCR. The proteins expression of MyD88 and IRF3 of TLR's downstream signaling components were analyzed by Western Blot. The nuclear translocation of NF-κB was observed by cell immunofluorescence. The cells supernatant was collected and the inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-β were measured by ELISA.RESULTS: LPS could stimulated the high expression of MIF, TLR2, TLR4 mRNA, and MIF siRNA could down regulate them and partially blocked NF-κB (p65) nuclear translocation. MIF siRNA also decreased significantly the high expression of MyD88 and the secretion levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, but MIF siRNA did not work to IRF3 and IFN-β.CONCLUSION: MIF siRNA can inhibit the over-secretion of the inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in A549 cells stimulated by LPS. The mechanism may be MIF siRNA reduced the highly expression of MIF, TLR2, and TLR4 mRNA, and blocked MyD88 protein of TLR downstream signal transduction pathway and the migration of NF-κB nuclear.

Analysis distribution of 728 cases with malignant lymphoma by wannan area of China

CHEN Bing, ZHANG Fan, LU Lin-ming, ZHU Xiao-qun, LIU Yin-hua, He Lei

2013, 18(4):  388-393. 

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AIM: To initiate us into understand constituent ratio and study the epidemiologic characteristics of malignant lymphoma by wannan area in China.METHODS: Case of the total 728 malignant lymphoma patients were selected from yijishan hospital of wannan medical college during 2003-2012. The diagnosis of malignant lymphoma accords with the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue tumours on WHO classification (2008) by HE staining, immunohistochemistry (Envision two step) method and EBER-ISH method.RESULTS: Among the 728 cases, Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) 68 cases(9.34%), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) 660 cases (90.66%). Among NHL, 511 cases secreted from B cells (77.42%), 149 cases secreted from T/NK cells (22.58%). Among the 728 cases, the most common subtype was diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) 362 cases (49.73%), the remaining six subtype were extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma 61 cases (8.37%), extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MALT) 56 cases (7.69%), perpheral T-cell lymphoma 50 cases(6.87%), mantle cell lymphomacases 36 cases (4.95%), nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma 32 cases (4.40%), mixed cellularity Hodgkin's lymphoma 31 cases (4.26%). The patients comprised 433 males and 295 (with a male to female ratio of 1.47∶1, with a median age of 61 years (range 5-90). The male ratio of Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma patients was 86.6% (13/15). Their predominant loci were lymph node, gastric, intestinal, nasopharynx, tonsil, salivary gland, thyroid, orbital, bone, spleen.CONCLUSION: Two common kinds of HL are nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma, mixed cellularity Hodgkin's lymphoma. No twin-peak character are found. HL are often located on left cervical. The most common subtype is DLBCL among NHL. The incidence of Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma is higher in male and 67 years old. The incidence and subtype distribution of lymphoid neoplasms has obviously regional differences.

Inhibitory effects of puerarin on contractile activity of isolated gastrointestinal smooth muscle in rats and the related mechanisms

ZHANG Li-xue, LI Hong-fang, JIN Shan, WANG Long-de, MA Qin, DOU Zhong-rui, HUANG Jin-bing

2013, 18(4):  394-398. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of Puerarin (Pue) on contractile activity of Gastrointestinal smooth muscle of rats and to explore its underlying mechanisms.METHODS: Gastrointestinal smooth muscle strips were taken out from rats. Each isolated muscle strip was put in a tissue chamber contains 5 mL Krebs solution and the motility of muscle strips was recorded simultaneously.RESULTS: Puerarin could reduce the resting tension and mean contractile amplitude of gastrointestinal smooth muscle strips, which were dose dependent. To gastric body contraction amplitude for index, with Logistic method for calculating IC₅₀ was 82.590 μmol/L(r=0.498). Phentolamine, L-NG-nitroarginine, Glibenclamide partially blocked the inhibition of puerarin on the contractile activity of the rat gastric body. IC₅₀ was 222.408 μmol/L(r=0.495), 166.945 μmol/L(r=0.446), 149.902 μmol/L(r=0.596), respectively.CONCLUSION: Puerarin has inhibitory action on the isolated gastrointestinal smooth muscle strips of rats, which is partially mediated via adrenergic α receptor and related to NO pathway and potassium channel.

Statistical performance comparison of different design methods of targeted clinical trials

CHEN Lin, LIU Yu-xiu, MIAO Hua-zhang

2013, 18(4):  399-403. 

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AIM: In recent years, the targeted clinical trials increase rapidly with various design methods. The choice of these design methods, however, has not been widely recognized. In this paper, we conducted a simulation study to assess the statistical performance of three commonly used targeted clinical trial design methods to provide evidence for design choice.METHODS: For three commonly used targeted clinical trial design methods (full randomized design, enrichment design and strategy design); we investigated the relationship between sample size and statistical power under different parameters to compare the statistical performance of the design methods by simulation method.RESULTS: If two groups were assigned with the same sample size, the enrichment design always obtained the largest power. Except the condition that targeting therapeutic drugs had adverse effect on target negative patients, the full randomized design can obtain larger power than the strategy design. When the targeted drugs also had a certain beneficial effect for the target negative patients, the enrichment design required larger sample size for screening than the full randomized design to maintain the same power.CONCLUSION: If the targeted drugs have a certain effect for non-target patients, or there is no accurate diagnosis of target and the target positive rate in patients is high, we recommend the full randomized design with subgroup analysis.

Spinal anesthesia with ropivacaine effect the inflammatory factors in patient with peritoneal dialysis catheter placement

ZHANG Wei-qing, YANG Rong, QUE Bin, NI Wei-guo, XU Ke, LIU Sheng-qiang, LIANG Zhi-peng

2013, 18(4):  404-407. 

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AIM: To compare the level of perioperative serum Interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high sensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and blood sugar (BS) between the patients with spinal anesthesia and local anesthesia in peritoneal dialysis catheter placement.METHODS: Forty patients with end stage kidney disease scheduled for peritoneal dialysis catheter placement allocated to one of two groups (n=20 each): group SA received spinal anesthesia, group LA received local anesthesia. The serum IL-6, TNF-α, hs-CRP, BS were measured before operation, at the end of operation and 6 hours after operation, both the visual analogue scale(VAS) while skin incision, open abdominal and at the end of operation and the operation time were recorded.RESULTS: IL-6, TNF-α, hs-CRP were no significant difference between two groups before operation and at the end of operation (P>0.05). Compared with group LA, IL-6, TNF-α, hs-CRP in group SA 6 hours after operation were significantly lower (P<0.05). Compared with before operation, IL-6, TNF-α, hs-CRP in group SA 6 hours after operation were significantly lower (P<0.05). BS at any time were no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). Compared with group LA,VAS was significantly lower in group SA at any time, operation time was significantly shorter (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Compared with local anesthesia, peritoneal dialysis catheter placement under spinal anesthesia has advantages of lighter pain, shorter operation time and less inflammatory factor.

Study on clinical effect of Yiqi Yangyin prescription imposed on gestational diabetes mellitus and perinatal outcome

LIU Yi, CHEN Jie, CHI Li-fang

2013, 18(4):  408-412. 

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AIM: To observe the effect of Yiqi Yangyin prescription imposed on gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) and perinatal outcome.METHODS: 186 GDM patients were divided into experimental and control groups randomly. The patients of experimental group were given the Chinese medicine of Yiqi Yangyin prescription and medical nutrition therapy.The patients of control group were given medical nutrition therapy only.Biochemical tests including fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting insulin as well as indices of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were carried out for all patients before and after the treatment. Maternal and fetal outcomes were analyzed in two groups after delibery.RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05). The 2-hour postprandial blood glucose,fasting insulin,glycosylated hemoglobin and HOMA-IR of two groups were all improved to different degrees(P<0.05), and those of the experimental group improved more significantly(P<0.05). The rate of cesarean section,premature rupture of membrane,preeclampsia,postpartum hemorrhage,neonatal sphyxia,fetal distress, fetal macrosomia in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The Yiqi Yangyin prescription has a favourable curative effect on glucose control and insulin resistance as well as maternal and fetal outcomes.

Clinical treatment of combining with Pinaverium bromide and Zanglian pill on patients with irritable bowei syndrome

CHEN Yong-feng

2013, 18(4):  413-415. 

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AIM: To observe the effects and safety of combining with Pinaverium bromide and Zanglian pill on patients with irritable bowei syndrome (IBS).METHODS: 200 IBS patients were randomly divided into two groups(n=100). 100 patients were selected as study group, who were treated by Zanglian pill combined with Pinaverium bromide while the other 100 patients as control group were treated by Pinaverium bromide only.RESULTS: After treatment, all patients showed significant improvements of clinical symptom (P<0.05).The effective power was 97% in study group, was better than that in control group(80%,P<0.05). The two groups were not found significant adverse drug reactions.CONCLUSION: Zanglian pill combined with Pinaverium bromide have more clinic effects for treating IBS.

Clinical application of low-dose of long-acting Gonadotropin-release hormone agonist(GnRH-a) in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer

CHEN Ya, ZHAO Jun-zhao, LIN Jin-ju, YANG Hai-yan, CHEN Xia

2013, 18(4):  416-420. 

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AIM: To investigate the suboptimal dose of long-acting GnRH-a used for in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of long protocols for those patients undergoing IVF/ICSI from 2009 to 2010. Due to the dose of GnRH-a used in luteal metaphase, they were divided into three groups: <0.6 mg(Group A), ≥0.6 mg<0.8 mg(Group B),≥0.8 mg(Group C), in which randomly extract 100 cycles in each group. The clinical outcomes were observed.RESULTS: The transfer cycles of Group A, B, C were 92, 80, 85, respectively. In three groups, there were no significant differences in the rates of maturation, fertilization, high quality embryo, abortion and ectopic pregnancy(P>0.05). The plantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate per transfer were also higher in group A than thore group B and C(37.91% vs25.14% vs 23.16%, 63.04% vs 37.5% vs 41.18%, respectively, P<0.01). In group C, the total Gn amount was significantly larger (P<0.01), and the level of LH on Gn day and hCG day were both lower(P<0.05), compared with the other two groups.CONCLUSION: Long-actiong GnRH-a in very low dose could get perfect clinical outcome.

Clinical analysis of thyroxine replacement therapy in treating hypothyroidism

CHU Lei

2013, 18(4):  420-423. 

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AIM: To research the effects of thyroxine replacement therapy in treating hypothyroidism.METHODS: Patients with primary hypothyroidism were collected and given levothyroxine sodium tablets for treating. Then thyroid function, heart function related indexes and blood lipids were detected 6 months later.RESULTS: After treatment, the levels of TSH, TG, TC, LDL, ApoB content and A peak were obviously lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05); the levels of FT3, FT4, HDL, ApoA-Ⅰ, E peak, E/A, LVEF, LVEDD were obviously higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: Thyroxine replacement therapy which can effectively improve the thyroid, cardiac function and blood lipids has positive therapeutic significance.

A randomized study of sequential intravenous/oral moxifloxacin in comparison to sequential intravenous ceftriaxone/oral cefuroxime axetil in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia

WU Zhi-qiang

2013, 18(4):  424-429. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of moxifloxacin in treatment of hospital-acquired-pneumonia(HAP) compared with ceftriaxone.METHODS: 161 HAP patients were randomly divided into two groups.One group were given moxifloxacin 400 mg i.v. once daily followed by oral moxifloxacin 400 mg once daily.The other group were given ceftriaxone 2 g i.v. once daily followed by oral cefuroxime axetil 500 mg twice daily.RESULTS: 120 patients were eligible for per protocol efficacy analyses (60 each in the moxifloxacin and the comparator groups). Clinical success rates were 87% for moxifloxacin and 83% for the comparable group [95% CI(-9.77,15.96)].The results for secondary endpoints were similar between 2 groups. Both treatments were safe and well tolerated.CONCLUSION: Moxifloxacin i.v. /oral can be considered as a possible alternative therapy for patients with mild-to-moderate nosocomial pneumonia

Effect and clinical significance of Danshen injection on human chorionic gonadotropin of abnormal systolic/diastolic ratio in the third trimester

SHENG Shao-qin, QIU Ya-fen, PAN Qian-qian, HE Ji-qing

2013, 18(4):  429-432. 

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AIM: To observe the effect and clinical significance of Danshen injection on human chorionic gonadotropin of abnormal systolic/diastolic ratio in the third trimester.METHODS: 100 third trimester women with abnormal systolic/diastolic ratio were randomly divided into the control group (n=50) and treatment group (n=50). Control group was given 5% glucose 500 mL+vitamin C 2.0 g. Treatment group was given the same medication as the control group and 5% glucose 500 m+Danshen injection 10 mL, seven days one period of treatment. Umbilical artery PI,RI,S/D and concentration of β-hCG in maternal serum were detected before and after the medication.RESULTS: PI,RI,S/D and β-hCG level in the treatment group were higher than that of the control group(P<0.05); PI,RI,S/D and β-hCG level of the two groups before treatment were higher than that of the two groups after treatment (P<0.01); β-hCG level was positively correlated with S/D(r=0.485,0.458,P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Danshen injection treatment abnormal systolic/diastolic ratio in the third trimester for its excellent curative effect, with serum β-hCG level measurement can increase the detection rate of abnormal placental function.

Impact of the Escherichia coli resistant line after colorectal cancer patients with preoperative oval intestinal antibiotics for bowel preparation

XIE Gang, AN Chang-Yong, ZHANG Cai-quan, TANG Hua

2013, 18(4):  433-437. 

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AIM: To explore the impact of the Escherichia coli resistant line after colorectal cancer patients with preoperative oral intestinal antibiotics for bowel preparation. METHODS: 100 cases with colorectal cancer were randomly divided into observation group and control group. The observation group (50 cases) was treated with oral intestinal antibiotics one day. The control group (50 cases) was treated with intestinal antibiotics three days. The Colonic mucosa attachments taken from all patients during operation,were bacterial cultured and sensitive tests. The results of the two groups were compared.RESULTS: The positive rate of colonic mucosa attachments Escherichia coli culture of one day group and three days group were 46% and 40%,respectively. The drug resistance of three days group of Escherichia coli was increased than those of one day group of amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin (P<0.05).Both groups were all resistant to ampicillin, while ertapenem, imipenem, and Paila West/tazobactam were all sensitive.CONCLUSION: Using intestinal antibiotics for colorectal cancer patients with preoperative bowel preparation, three days program increased resistance for Escherichia coli on the part of the drug. Preoperative bowel preparation should minimize taking antibiotics.

Research development in the functions of the nuclear transcription factor E47

YAO Gui-lian, GAO Fen-fei, SHI Gang-gang

2013, 18(4):  437-442. 

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E47, a member of the Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factor family, has been showed to be important in eukaryotes. It was involved in regulating cell cycle, promoting cell senescent. E47 could regulate Insulin and Glucagon gene transcription, immune cells proliferation and the synthesis of immune factors. In addition, it not only contributed to skeletal and smooth myogenesis, neurogenesis, but also triggered epithelial mesenchymal transition ( EMT ) to tumorigenicity. The main functions of E47 were summarized in this article.

MiRNA and interindividual difference in drug response

GUO Yu, ZHOU Hong-hao, LIU Zhao-qian

2013, 18(4):  443-448. 

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The current focus of interindividual differences in drug response is primarily studying on the phenotypic effects of SNPs and other genetic variations (such as copy number variations) in drug-metabolizing and drug-target genes, which cannot fully explain the interindividual variations in drug response. miRNAs are non-coding endogenous short RNAs which binding to the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of its target gene and marking them for degradation and/or translation inhibition at the post- transcriptional level. miRNA can negative control a large human gene expression, including many pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics genes, consequently, miRNA play very important roles in altered therapeutical efficacy. Expression levels of drug metabolism, drug transport and drug targets can be regulated by miRNA. miRNA and its binding site polymorphisms can influence gene expression, thus affecting drug response. In this review, we summarized the regulation of miRNA in drug therapy.

Clinical issues and research progress of antioxidant therapy on ischemic stroke

CEN Juan, ZHANG Feng, JI Bian-sheng

2013, 18(4):  448-454. 

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Antioxidants, which act as neuroprotective agents on ischemic stroke, can significantly reduce injury caused by oxidative stress. However, their low effectiveness and side effects greatly limit the clinical development. Studies have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) is not only the core factor in ischemic brain injury, but also involved in the tissue repair in convalescence. Therefore, the obstacles of antioxidant clinical use may be associated with its complex physiological functions. The aim of this article is trying to find how to optimize the usage of antioxidants. Thereby the multiple physiological roles of ROS and the antioxidant therapy after ischemic stroke were reviewed. The usage issues of antioxidants were analyzed as well. It is supposed to provide new perspective reference for basic research and clinical applications of antioxidants.

Research advances in pharmacogenomics of levodopa

NING Wei, LIU Jie

2013, 18(4):  455-460. 

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Levodopa is considered to be the 'gold standard' treatment for Parkinson's disease. This review aimed to summarize the influence of genetic polymorphisms on levodopa pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and adverse reactions. In order to provide the basis for guide the clinical individualized medication of levodopa .

Effect of protein kinase C on cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury

ZHANG Feng-yun, ZHAO Yan, WU Yu-lin

2013, 18(4):  461-468. 

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Ischemic stroke is seriously hurting human health because of its high morbidity, disability rate and mortality. The pathophysiology mechanism is very complicated, which involves in expression exchanges of many genes and proteins (sensitive to apoptosis gene, Bcl-2 family proteins, glutathione perodxidase and heat shock protein). Only recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is currently being used in treatment of ischemic stroke by FDA. For multi-factors as inflammation and free radicals, contribute to ischemic stroke, however, many drugs, with few targets and significant side effects, cause a suboptimal therapeutic outcome. So developing new drugs in treatment of ischemic stroke will be an important issue. Some data demonstrated that PKC is likely to involve in mediating ischemic brain injury and may be a promising therapeutic target. Here the role of PKC and PKC isozymes in ischemic reperfusion injury will be discussed.

Anticoagulation strategies in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome

JIA Liang-liang, KE Yong-sheng

2013, 18(4):  469-475. 

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Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a clinical syndrome caused by acute cardiac ischemia,including unstable angina (UA) ,non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Currently antiplatelet and antithrombin therapies become the two important components of the antithrombotic treatment of patients with ACS.The advent of potent antiplatelet and antithrombin agents has resulted in significant improvement in reducing ischemic events in patients with ACS. However,the combination of antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy during the PCI periprocedural period,has led to an increase in the risk of bleeding. More importantly,such complications have been reported to be associated with an increased risks of mortality,myocardial infarction,and stroke. Possible mechanisms include bleeding-induced imbalance of the coagulant/anticoagulant, adverse effects induced by transfusion, and cessation of antithrombotic/anticoagulant therapy. So the balance between antithrombotic effect and risk of bleeding may further improve clinical outcomes of patients with ACS. In this article we present an overview on clinical trials evaluating the different aspects of antithrombotic therapy in patients undergoing PCI and discuss the emerging role of these agents in the contemporary era of early invasive coronary intervention.

Protective effect and mechanism of silybin on islet β-cells

XU Jun, MO Zhao-hui

2013, 18(4):  476-480. 

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A flavonoid extracted of milk thistle, silybin, is the most prescribed natural compounds, which is increasingly used in many kinds of diseases. Recent experimental studies have clearly demonstrated the effects of silybin on islets, its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, and its effect of improving glucoliptoxicity, as well as its protective effect of improving insulin sensitivity and ameliorating insulin resistance. Therefore silybin seems a promising drug for diabetes mellitus.