Table of Content

Volume 18 Issue 5
26 May 2013

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Regulation of Shenqiwan on the expression of aquaporin-2 in LoVo ceus

JIN Rong-jia, LI Shou-ye, YANG Yuan-xiao, LI Chang-yu

2013, 18(5):  481-486. 

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AIM: To elucidate the regulation of Shenqiwan on the altered expression and mRNA level of AQP2.METHODS: 30 normal male adult SD rats were stochastically allocated into 3 groups, respectively administrated with distilled water (the control group), low dose of Shenqiwan (1.5 g/kg) and high dose of Shenqiwan (3.0 g/kg), consecutively for 7 days. Rat serum containing constituents from Shenqiwan was prepared by cardiac blood sampling followed by centrifugation. Cell survival rates were analyzed by MTT assay for the appropriate dilution factor of medicated serum after 24 h exposure. Indirect immunofluorescence labeling visualized the distribution of AQP2. The expression of AQP2 was determined by Western blot and the mRNA level of AQP2 was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.RESULTS: Both low dose of Shenqiwan medicated serum (at 50% concentration) and high dose (at 25% concentration) significantly up-regulate the expression of AQP2 (P<0.01) in comparison with the normal rat serum. Specifically high dose of Shenqiwan at 25% concentration further increases the expression of AQP2 (P<0.05). In addition, these two groups mentioned above obviously elevates the mRNA level of AQP2 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Shenqiwan-containing medicated serum may function in the genetic transcription and protein translation, hoisting up the gene and protein level of AQP2, which indicates Shenqiwan associated with the regulation of aquaporin for water metabolism.

Nasal mucosa and mucociliary toxicity of intranasal administration of compound recipe diazepam

SHENG Ping, ZHANG Rui-tao, WANG Hui, HUANG Zhao, FU Xiao-hua

2013, 18(5):  487-490. 

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AIM: To study the nasal mucosa and mucociliary toxicity of intranasal administration of diazepam and diazepam compounded with menthol.METHODS: The rabbit nasal mucosa model was established by nasal administration with diazepam and its compound recipe containing menthol for a week. Then we investigated the effects on cellular morphology of the nasal mucosa and its recovery after drug withdrawal.RESULTS: The results of histopathologic slide showed that the thickness of epithelial layers had no obvious change when the rabbit model had been applied with diazepam and its compound recipe for a week. After drug withdrawal, the injury of mucociliary was recovered to some extent.CONCLUSION: Diazepam, menthol and their compound recipe, after intranasal administration, have mild toxicity and the negative effect can be reversible on the nasal mucosa.

Inhibitory effect of epirubcin hydrochloride co-treated with oxaliplatin in the apoptosis of HepG2 cells

WANG Ning, ZHANG Yang-de, LIAO Ming-mei, ZHAO Jin-feng, CHEN Wei

2013, 18(5):  490-494. 

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AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of epirubcin hydrochloride in combination use with oxaliplatin (L-OHP) on the hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2.METHODS: The inhibitory effect of epirubicin hydrochloride together with L-OHP on the growth of human hepatic carcinoma cell line HepG2 in vitro was evaluated by MTT assay. The apoptosis of nucleus was detected by Hoechst33258 staining. The degradation of DNA was evaluated by DNA ladder.RESULTS: Oxaliplatin and epirubicin hydrochloride both inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells, it presented addictive inhibition effect when two medicine combined (q value was in 0.85-1.15).CONCLUSION: Oxaliplatin and epirubicin hydrochloride both inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells and promoted apoptosis, combination of these medicine presented addictive inhibition effect, however, the mechanism was unclear.

Effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on neuroapoptosis and the long-term learning ability in newborn rat brain

SI Xiao-long, LI Guo-zheng, LIU Xiao-nan, XU Hong-ming, PENG Cong-bin

2013, 18(5):  495-500. 

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AIM: To investigate the changes of neuroapoptosis in brain and learning ability after neonatal mice exposed to inhaled sevoflurane or isoflurane.METHODS: Ninety postnatal day(P)7 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups : group A sham anesthesia,group B 3.6% sevoflurane for 2 h, group C 3.6% sevoflurane for 6 h, group D 2.3% isoflurane for 2 h and group E 2.3% isoflurane for 6 h. Animals from each group were perfused transcardially with 0.1 mol phosphate buffer containing 4% paraformaldehyde 6 h after the end of anesthesia, and then the brains were exposed for immunohisochemistry, caspase-3 positive cells were detected. Behavioral studies with Morris water maze test were performed separately when the rats were 5-week-old and 14-week-old.RESULTS: The amounts of caspase-3 positive cells in the rats brain of Group B, C,D and E were greater than that in Group A, and the amount in group C was greater than that in gourp B, in group E more than that in group B(P<0.05). When face the spatial reference memory task or space exploration task, rats from different groups make it uniformly. Anesthetic rats and control rats performed similarly in terms of path length when learning to swim to the platform during locating trials. No rats showed significantly higher levels of retention during the probe trials in terms of target quadrant time, platform crossings and platform location time(P>0.05),but the number of platform crossings in group B,C,D and E was significantly higher than that in gourp A(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Exposure to the concentration of 3.6% sevoflurane or 2.3% isoflurane could cause brain cell apoptosis of newborn rats. Isoflurane could cause more insults to brain than sevoflurane at an equivalent concentration. The memory ability to pessimal stimulation is decreased as the anesthesia mice 5 weeks old, such changes recede along with the growth of rats. Exposure to sevoflurane and isoflurane does not affect the spatial reference memory of newborn rat during their growth.

Activation of melanocortin 4 receptor attenuate sepsis induced renal injury

WANG Hua-xue, LI Hui-hui, CHAI Ji-xia, YU Ying, GAO Qin

2013, 18(5):  500-505. 

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AIM: To observe the effect of activation of melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) against sepsis induced renal injury and analyze the related mechanism.METHODS: Twenty four male SD rats were divided into 4 groups: Sham group, Sham+Ro27-3225 (the activator of MC4R) group, CLP group and CLP+Ro27-3225 group. CLP model was established by cecal ligation and puncture operation. Serum creatine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured and renal structural changes were observed by HE staining 24 h after CLP and NF-κB P65 expression in kidney tubules was measured by immunohistochemical method.The mRNA expression of NF-κB in kidney was determined by RT-PCR.RESULTS: Compared with Sham group, the levels of CRE and BUN were significantly increased (P<0.01), renal corpuscle was congested and wrinkled, capsular space was enlarged accompanying with epithelial cell swelling and necrosis. The expressions of NF-κB P65 protein and NF-κB mRNA level were increased (P<0.01). Compare with CLP group,the levels of CRE and BUN were decreased (P<0.01) in CLP+Ro27-3225 group, the damage of renal corpuscle and tubule was attenuated. The expression of NF-κB P65 protein and NF-κB mRNA level were decreased (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Sepsis induced renal injury in rat CLP model,Activation of MC4R attenuated renal injury, which may be associated with decreasing NF-κB expression and reducing inflammatory reaction.

Application of d-Penicillamine2,5-enkephalin to characterization of sandwich-cultured hepatocytes transport activities

GUO Cen, HE Lei, YAO Dan, PAN Guo-yu, WANG Guang-ji

2013, 18(5):  506-512. 

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AIM: To develop a sensitive and rapid method for determining the concentration of d-Penicillamine2,5-enkephalin (DPDPE) in hepatocytes and Hank's buffer by LC/MS/MS. And to evaluate the function of transporters in sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes (SCRH) using DPDPE as the probe substrate.METHODS: Co-incubate DPDPE with SCRH treated by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate, the model compound, and measure the accumulation and the efflux of DPDPE by SCRH. The concentration of DPDPE in hepatocytes or Hank's buffer was determined by LC/MS/MS.RESULTS: DPDPE had a good linearity from 0.5 to 50 ng/mL (r²=0.9995) in Hank's buffer and from 0.1 to 5 ng/well (r²=0.9997) in hepatocytes in the LC/MS/MS method established in this study. This method was sensitive enough to quantify DPDPE used as probe substrate in SCRH transport studies. The inter- and intra-day precision (RSD) were less than 15% and the recoveries were above 65%. The basolateral uptake and canalicular efflux of DPDPE by SCRH was inhibited by ANIT without change in the basolateral efflux.CONCLUSION: The analytical method established here is selective, sensitive and feasible to determine DPDPE used as probe substrate in the evaluation of membrane transporters in SCRH.

Experimental study of Sijunzi Decoction and its components on the growth inhibiting of the Side Population(SP) Cells in MKN-28,SGC-7901 and BGC-823

JIA Jian-guang, MA Li, LI Jing, JIN Xin, ZHANG Li-gong, LIU Jian-wen, QIAN Jun

2013, 18(5):  513-518. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect of Sijunzi decoction and its separate components on the growth and proliferation of the side population(SP) cells in human carcinoma cell lines MKN-28,SGC-7901 and BGC-823 in vitro.METHODS: Side population cells of three human gastric cancer cell lines with different differentiation grades named MKN-28,SGC-7901 and BGC-823,were analyzed and isolated by flow cytometryafter being stained by fluorochrome Hoechst33342 and PI, then characterized by cell growth curve (MTT) and colony formation assay. The effects of Sijunzi decoction and its separate components on the growth and proliferation of the side population(SP) cells were detected by MTT assay.RESULTS: SP cells were detected in all of the three gastric cancer cell lines with a proportion of 3.40%, 2.00%, 1.07%. Cell growth curves indicated that SP cells have stronger proliferation ability (P<0.05) compared with non-SP cells. Colony formation assay showed that the colony forming efficiency of the SP cells was higher than the total cells without sorting and the non-SP cells (P<0.01). Comparing with controls, the growth and proliferation of the SP cells were significantly inhibited by Sijunzi decoction and its separate components, and the inhibiting rates revealed in a mediated serumdose-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: Sijunzi decoction and its separate components have the growth-inhibitive effect on SP cells sorting from human carcinoma cell lines MKN-28,SGC-7901 and BGC-823 in vitro.

Effects of Naringin on expression of p38MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling proteins of Human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3

HU Xin, SONG Shu-hui, XIONG Yu-qing, CAI Li-ping

2013, 18(5):  519-523. 

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AIM: To investigate effects of Naringin on expression of P38MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling proteins of Human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3.METHODS: SKOV3 cell were cultured in vitro and divided into five groups randomly, namely control group, naringin group (10 μmol/L), naringin group (20 μmol/L), naringin group (40 μmol/L) and celecoxib group (80 μmol/L). The expression of P38MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling proteins were determined by Western Blot after forty-eight hours.RESULTS: Compared with control group, only naringin group (40 μmol/L) and celecoxib group can significantly cut P38MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling proteins, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Naringin can inhibit P38MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling proteins of SKOV3 cell, thus may block the occur and development of ovarian cancer.

Recombinant coagulation factor Ⅶa for the treatment of intraoperative bleedings in Stanford type A aortic dissection

CHI Chuang, HE Zhi-feng, LIU Yu, SUN Cheng-chao

2013, 18(5):  524-526. 

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AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of recombinant coagulation factor Ⅶa (rFⅦa) for intraoperative bleeding management in Stanford type A aortic dissection.METHODS: 12 cases using rFⅦa in Stanford type A aortic dissection surgery as the experimental group, the remaining 20 cases without using rFⅦa was as the control group. The parameters of time of surgical hemostasis, the drainage volume in 24 h after operation, requirement of plasma and red blood cells in 24 h after operation were compared.RESULTS: In rFⅦa group, the significant reductions were observed in time of surgical hemostasis [(166±33) min vs (206±48) min, P＜0.05], the drainage volume in 24 h after operation [(666±195) mL vs (824±210) mL, P＜0.05] and the requirement of plasma in 24 h after operation [(525±157) mL vs (696±211) mL, P＜0.05], but the requirement of red blood cells in 24 h after operation was not significantly different between the two groups [(3.2±1.3) U vs (3.9±1.9) U, P＞0.05].CONCLUSION: The use of rFⅦa in Stanford type A aortic dissection surgery has a good hemostatic effect that can shorten the operation time, reduce the drainage volume, and save blood products.

Study on bioequivalence of domestic Itraconazole capsules before or after diet

HUANG Jie, YANG Guo-ping, XIANG Yu-xia, YANG Liu, TAN Hong-yi, YANG Shang

2013, 18(5):  527-531. 

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AIM: To study the bioequivalence of domestic Itraconazole capsules in healthy Chinese volunteers before diet or after diet respectively.METHODS: There were two randomized, open-label, two-period clinical studies, and 24 healthy Chinese male volunteers were enrolled in each study.All the volunteers in each study had taken a single dose of 200 mg Itraconazole test capsules and 200 mg of its reference. The plasma Itraconazole concentration were determined by HPLC-MS/MS. The major harmacokinetic parameters were calculated, the bioequivalence of Itraconazole test capsule and its reference before diet as well as after diet were evaluated respectively.RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic parameters before diet were as follows: C_max were (124±79) and (124±86) μg/L;t_max were (2.9±0.8) and (2.5±0.9) h;AUC_0-t were(1320±826) and (1348±1095) μg·h·L^-1;AUC_0-∞ were (1420±902)and(1444±1148) μg·h·L^-1;AUC_0-t/AUC_0-∞ were (93.0±4.9)% and (92.3±5.1)%;t_1/2 were (17.7±4.7) and (18.1±2.8) h. The relative bioavailability of the test capsule was (106.5±35.4)%.The pharmacokinetic parameters after diet were as follows: C_max were (202±107) and (218±109) μg/L;t_max were(4.2±0.8)and (3.9±0.8) h;AUC_0-t were(2494±1163)and(2657±1424)μg·h·L^-1;AUC_0-∞ were (2705±1290) and (2870±1578) μg·h·L^-1;AUC_0-t/AUC_0-∞ were (92.3±5.2)%/(93.6±4.1)%;t_1/2 were (19.3±5.5) and (18.0±5.1) h. The relative bioavailability of the test capsule was (100.5±33.1) %.CONCLUSION: The Itraconazole test capsule and its reference were bioequivalent both when administrated before diet and after diet.The C_max and AUC were both significant higher when administrated after diet, so it is better to dose after diet for Itraconazole capsule in order to gain a higher bioavailability and an increased effect.

Quantification of uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine in human serum by HPLC

SHI Zheng , LIU Jian, SHENTU Jian-zhong, WANG Jian-ping

2013, 18(5):  532-536. 

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AIM: To develop a specific, sensitive, and accurate HPLC method to measure uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine concentrations in human serum.METHODS: Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq column coupled with a ZORBAX-Extend C₁₈ guard column was employed. The mobile phase consisted of methanol/ 47 mmol/L KH₂PO₄ solution and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 260 nm.RESULTS: Good linearity of uric acid, xanthine, hypoxanthine in human serum were (1.667-166.667)×10³ ng/mL(r=0.9995), (0.033-3.338)×10³ ng/mL(r=0.9994), (0.033-3.338)×10³ ng/mL (r=0.9996) , respectively. Intra- and inter-day validation were both less than 15%.CONCLUSION: A rapid, accurate and specific method was developed and validated for the determination of uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine in human serum. It was suitable for the pharmacodynamic studies of febuxostat.

Pharmacokinetics of single and multiple doses of Clofarabine for injection in patients with leukemia

QIAN Zhong-lian, ZHAO Li-bo, LU Jin, ZHU Bao-ying, XU Jia, WANG Qian, FANG Yi, HUANG Jing

2013, 18(5):  537-544. 

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AIM: To investigate the pharmacokinetics of Clofarabine for injection with a single and multiple dose administration in patients with acute leukemia.METHODS: 4 patients with acute leukemia received a single dose intravenous of 52 mg·m^-2·d^-1, and then they are repeatedly administrated with 52 mg·m^-2·d^-1 Clofarabine for 5 days.The concentrate of Clofarabine in plasma and urine were determined by HPLC-MS/MS.DAS pharmacokinetics software was used for data process and calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters.RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of Clofarabine after single dose of 52 mg·m^-2·d^-1 Clofarabine for injection were as follows: C_max(414±205) μg/L,t_max(3.0±1.4) h, t_1/2z(4.4±2.0) h,AUC_0-t(2475±659) μg·h·L^-1, AUC_0-∞(2566±606) μg·h·L^-1, CLz(21.2±5.1) L·h^-1·m^-2, Vz(142±97) L/m, MRT_0-t(6.3±2.2) h, Zeta(0.18±0.07) h^-1, the 12 h cumulative urine excretion rate was (39.53±20.98)%, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of Clofarabine after 52 mg·m^-2·d^-1 for 5 days were as follows: C_max(581±126) μg/L, t_max(2.0±0.8) h, t_1/2z(6.4±3.1) h, AUC_0-t(2451±349) μg·h·L^-1, AUC_0-∞(2603±409) μg·h·L^-1, CLz(20.4±3.7) L·h^-1·m^-2, Vz(187±80) L/m, Zeta(0.13±0.05) h^-1, MRT_{0-24 h}(5.1±1.8) h, C_ss(102.14±14.53) μg/L,the accumulation coefficients R was (1.04±0.28), the fluctuation coefficients of plasma concentration DF was (576.26±226.89)%.CONCLUSION: No accumulation is detected when 52 mg·m^-2·d^-1 Clofarabine for injection has been administrated for 5 days, it was safe.

Study of the relative bioequivalence of sustained release capsules of Ibuprofen in healthy volunteers

TIAN Wei-chao, YANG Rui, SHEN Jie, XIE Hai-tang, WANG Fang-jie, XIAO Jian

2013, 18(5):  545-549. 

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AIM: To study the relative bioequivalence of sustained release capsules of Ibuprofen made by Jiangxi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.METHODS: A single dose of 300 mg domestic Ibuprofen, and its reference preparation made by Zhengzhou Fusheng Pharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd. were given to 24 healthy volunteers by oral in an open randomized two way crossover experiment.The plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC method.RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of a single dose of Ibuprofen were as follows : C_max were (13.5±5.9) and (12.7±5.4) μg/mL; t_max were (5.1±1.0), (5.5±1.5) h; AUC_0-24 were (100.2±45.4) and (98.5±44.8) μg·h·mL^-1;AUC_0→∞ were (105.7±47.3) and (103.8±47.0) μg·h·mL^-1 for the reference drug and the test drug, respectively.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of muti-dose of Ibuprofen were as follows: C_max were (14.1±5.3) and (14.9±6.4) μg/mL;C_av were(8.2±3.4 )and (8.6±4.3) μg/mL; t_max were (4.8±1.0) and (4.6±0.9) h; AUC_ss were (99.0±40.4) and (103.3±51.3) μg·h·mL^-1 for the reference drug and the test drug, respectively.CONCLUSION: Statistic analysis shows that the reference preparation and the test preparation are bioequivalent.

Association of angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism with susceptibility of Rheumatic Heart Disease

ZHANG Tao, GUO Cheng-xian, WEN Chun-jie, ZHOU Hong-hao

2013, 18(5):  550-554. 

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AIM: To investigate the relationship between angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and rheumatic Heart disease (RHD) in Chinese patients.METHODS: Case-control study and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to investigate the ACE I/D polymorphism in 246 patients with RHD and 223 normal people. Patients were further classified into those with only mitral valve lesion or combined valve lesion. Then, the relationship between ACE gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to RHD was studied.RESULTS: No significant difference was observed between the cases and control group. However, the frequency rate of I allele in the patients group was higher than that of the controls (70.1% vs 63.9%), showed a significant difference in the distribution of the ACE I allele frequencies (P<0.05). In the combined valve lesion group, the genotype frequencies of ACE genotypes I/I, I/D and D/D were 51.8%, 39.2% and 9.0% respectively. ACE I allele and D allele frequencies were 71.4% and 28.6% respectively. Both the ACE-II genotype and the ACE I allele frequencies were higher in RHD group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The study shows that ACE I/D gene polymorphisms is associated with development of RHD in Chinese, and ACE I allele may be a risk factor for RHD in Chinese.

RRM1 and ERCC1 expressions and their relationship with gemcitabine and platinum in advanced non-small cell lung cancer

XU Hao-feng, WANG Lin-run, HUANG Li, LV Shen

2013, 18(5):  555-560. 

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AIM: To evaluate the predictive value of gene expression of ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1) and excision repair cross-complementation 1( ERCCl ) in peripheral blood from Chinese patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with gemcitabine plus platinum.METHODS: SYBR real-time PCR was used to determine the tumor tissue and peripheral blood RRM1 and ERCC1 mRNA expression levels in NSCLC patients. The χ² test was used to analyze categorical variables and Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze continuous variables. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test were used for the comparison of overall survival rates.RESULTS: In the present study, 34 Chinese patients with histologically confirmed stages IIIB and IV NSCLC were recruited; the tumor tissue and peripheral blood gene expression levels were measured in 22 patients. Linear correlations were observed between peripheral blood and tumor tissue expression levels for RRM1 (R²=0.045, P=0.048), while no correlation was detected for ERCC1 (R²=0.016, P=0.251). Subjects with low peripheral blood RRM1 expression survived longer than those with high RRM1 expression (16.0 vs12.5 months, log-rank 3.980, P=0.046). The expression of ERCC1 showed no obvious differences between the two groups.CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates increased survival and superior efficacy of gemcitabine and cisplatin combination chemotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC patients with low peripheral blood RRM1 expression. The results contribute to the selection of patients who are most suitable for treatment with gemcitabine and cisplatin combination chemotherapy.

Effect of LEEP and Focused ultrasourd in the treatment of cervical columnar ectopy

HU Hong-zhen, LIU Ping, LUO Yong-hong, XIANG Liang-chun

2013, 18(5):  561-564. 

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AIM: To evaluate the curative effect and complication of loop electrosurgical excision procedure( LEEP) and Focused ultrasound in the treatment of cervical columnar ectopy.METHODS: From April 2009 to April 2012,In the diagnosed cervical columnar ectopy patients treating with LEEP and Focused ultrasound were randomly selected into Focused ultrasound group (group A) and LEEP group (group B),the effect and complication of two groups were analyzed.RESULTS: The operation time in group B was shorter than that in group A (P<0.01). Intraoperative and after operative blood loss in group B was greater than that in group A (P<0.01); Effect of mild and moderate cervical columnar ectopy between the two groups had no significant differences (P>0.05); In severe cervical columnar ectopy, group B had obvious superiority(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Focused ultrasound and LEEP are effective methods in treating cervical columnar ectopy, should be based on the actual situation of patients with advantages and disadvantages of two methods to choose.

Impact of dopamine and norepinephrine on sublingual microcirculation of the septic shock

YAN Mo-lei, YAN Jing, YU Yi-hua, CHEN Jin, CAI Guo-long

2013, 18(5):  565-569. 

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AIM: To investigate the impact of dopamine and norepinephrine on sublingual microcirculation of the septic shock.METHODS: Thirty-four patients with septic shock,were randomly divided into two groups. One group accepted dopamine (the dopamine group, DA)and the other accepted norepinephrine(the norepinephrine group, NE) to maintain mean blood pressure between 65 mm Hg to 75 mm Hg in one hour, and then the medicine dose of both groups was added to maintain mean blood pressure between 75 mm Hg to 85 mm Hg.Sublingual microcirculation was evaluated by sidestream dark field (SDF) imaging before and after the therapy. The 28-day mortality and the number of new arrhythmia was recorded.RESULTS: The 28 days mortality of the DA group and NE group was 47.06% and 52.94%, which had no significant difference (P>0.05). The new arrhythmia of the two groups had no significant difference(P>0.05). Compared with the base line, PVD after dopamine or norepinephrine therapy was higher both in DA group and NE group(P＜0.05),but the Lac,ScvO₂,PPV,MFI had no difference(P>0.05). The Lac,ScvO₂,PVD,PPV,MFI of the two different MAP levels had no significant difference in both groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Both dopamine and norepinephrine can improve the MAP and the sublingual microcirculatory dysfunction in septic shock, and these impacts do not change with the dose of dopamine and norepinephrine or the level of MAP.

New insights of the reasonable application of clinical drugs on the treatment for lupus nephritis

YAN Shang-xue, DENG Xiao-mei, XU Xing-ming, WEI Wei

2013, 18(5):  570-575. 

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Kidney damage remains one of the most devastating complications of systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus nephritis(LN) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with SLE. The treatment protocol for LN is emphasized to use induction and maintenance therapies sequentially according to the pathological types. The combination of immunosuppressant and glucocorticoid therapy is the major project on clinical treatment for LN patients. With the development of modern medical technology and the deep explore of the pathogenic of LN, the treatment strategy of LN has been improved significantly and the survival of the patients has obviously increased. Herein the new insights about the treatment for LN are reviewed.

Immune mechanism of transfusion-related acute lung injury

LI Rui, HUANG Yu-guang

2013, 18(5):  575-579. 

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TRALI is one type of new-onset acute lung injury that happens within 6 h of initiation of any blood transfusion. It is one of the most common causes of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality. Both basic and clinical researches have demonstrated that immune priming is a fundamental step for lung injury. Antigen-antibody reactions trigger a series of events that lead to TRALI, which mainly relate to HLA and HNA antibodies of blood products. The prevetion is very important for TRALI and research on mechanism of TRALI will be still a key point.

Application of antioxidant stress in the therapy of hypertension

LIU Xiao-li, YUAN Hong, HUANG Zhi-jun, LI Ying

2013, 18(5):  580-585. 

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Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that oxidative stress is the main reason for the vascular injury, which may be an important pathological mechanism that can lead to hypertension. The increasing level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to increased oxidative stress induced an increase in blood pressure. Hypertension will further promote the generation of ROS, leading to tissue oxidative injury. Recently, the anti-oxidative stress therapy research attracted the attention of many researchers at home and abroad. The clinical application of oxidative stress in the treatment of hypertension have achieved certain results. The aim of the present review is to describe the contribution of oxidative stress to hypertension and anti-oxidative stress pharmacotherapy.

Nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular function

YAN Xiao-lin, PENG Jun, DING Qi-long

2013, 18(5):  586-591. 

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Thyroid hormones play a wide range of important physiological activities in almost all organism. As changes in these hormones levels, observed in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, promote serious derangements of the cardiovascular system, it is important to know their mechanisms of actions. Although the classic genomic actions which are dependent on interaction with nuclear receptors to modulate cardiac myocyte genes expression, there is growing evidence about T₃ and T₄-triggered nongenomic pathways, resulting from their binding to plasma membrane, cytoplasm, or mitochondrial receptors that leads to a rapid regulation of cardiovascular functions. Disappointedly, little attention is paid to the rapid nongenomic actions of thyroid hormones on cardiovascular system. This paper reviews the effects of thyroid hormones on cardiovascular function via nongenomic actions involving extranuclear receptors, second messengers, or effect proteins. A full understanding of the link between thyroid hormones and cardiovascular functions should be beneficial for appropriate management of cardiovascular diseases by modulating thyroid hormones levels.

Perioperative anesthetic management and medication status quo on patients with opioid drug abuse

SHAO Yi , JIN Xiao-ju, GUO Jian-rong

2013, 18(5):  592-596. 

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For a long time,the problem of drug abuse is a serious threat to human survival,which is　also one of the global public nuisances.In recent years the number of drug abuse in China has always been high and the number of drug abuse patients requiring surgical anesthesia is increasing.The anesthesia of patients with drug abuse is no doubt a big current challenge to anesthesiologists.The entire perioperative clinics are relatively complex and difficult,which the anesthetic drug problem is particularly knotty.Therefore,anesthesiologists should fully understand the drug effects on the body and the anesthesia management related issues.This paper summarized the drug effects on the body and the perioperative anesthsia management.

Glucocorticoid-induced gastrointestinal complications and prophylaxis

MENG Long, CHEN Yong-fei, ZHANG Jin-ping, FANG Yun

2013, 18(5):  596-600. 

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Glucocorticoid is one of the most widely used drugs.Gastrointestinal complications is a serious adverse reaction of glucocorticoids. There is a discrepancy among physicians on the glucocorticoid-induced gastrointestinal complications. This article reviews the relationship, incidence, risk factors, prophylactic treatment of glucocorticoid induced gastrointestinal complications.