Table of Content

Volume 11 Issue 8
26 August 2006

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Contrast research of Aristolochia L.plants with substitution materials for medicine

LIU Yong-ye, LI Lian-da, WU Li-mao, ZHAO Ying

2006, 11(8):  841-846. 

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Aristolochia L herbs encounters the denial as a result of the kidney toxicity, so it is impatient duty to explore the substitution materials for medicine.This article compared the Aristolochia medicinal plants with the substitution materials according to the stipulation of ”Pharmacopoeia of Chinese”regarding herb, effect, chemical composition and mechanism, and discussed its feasibility.In addition, the pathology of the Aristolochinc Acid Nephropathy was briefly introduced.

Advances in preclinical studies on combination therapy of myocardial ischemia

WANG Zhan-qing, YING Xiang-yu, XU Jing-feng

2006, 11(8):  847-850. 

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The combination therapy of anti-myocardial ischemia has advantages of not only augmenting the therapy and reducing dose of some drugs, but also enhancing the myocardial ischemia preconditioning, reducing the product which is of damage to the heart tissue and the body, preventing the ischemic arrhythmias, and augmenting the rebuilding of the heart tissue and vessel tissue.

Apoptosis and therapeutic for cells of liver cancers SHAN Chang-min, LI Juan, LI Pu

SHAN Chang-min, LI Juan, LI Pu

2006, 11(8):  851-856. 

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Cell apoptosis as a response for cells to internal or external signals controls accurately the death program of cell development.Apoptosis maybe be induced by differential physiological, biochemical or poisonous materials.The balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis is essential for the development and maintenance of normal organs.The occurrence of cancers is purportedly due to the inhibition of normal apoptosis process, which caused the imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis.Some drugs (e.g.adriamycin, doxorubicin, propolis)can induce apoptosis, repress the division of liver cancer cells and thus treat cancers.Combination of drugs can increase the pharmacotherapeutic effect on liver cancers.The gene therapeutics to liver cancer is a new technique.It has been reported that multigenes can induce apoptosis in liver cancers.

Intranasal vaccination with p277 tandem repeat sequences carried by Hsp65 prevented type 1 diabetes in NOD mice

JIN Liang, WANG Yu, ZHU Ai-hua, LIU Jing-jing

2006, 11(8):  857-862. 

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AIM: To improve the prevent efficacy of peptide p277 in autoimmune diabetes.METHODS: The recombinant expression plasmid pET28-Hsp65-6×p277 was constructed by inserting 6×p277 which were amplified by PCR into the vector pET28-Hsp65.The plasmid pET28-Hsp65-6×p277 was transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) and the fusion protein (Hsp65-6×p277) was expressed effectively as soluble protein after inducing by lactose.The fusion protein was purified and then used to immunize 4-week old female NOD mice with three times of i.n.inoculations in the absence of adjuvants.Serum samples from the immunized mice were collected at monthly interval.The concentrations of blood glucose and antibodies were measured by automatic analyzer.RESULTS: Administration with the Hsp65-6×p277 to NOD mice could prevent the development of diabetes.CONCLUSION: The fusion protein Hsp65-6×p277 might be further developed to a vaccine against insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Enhanced diurnal variations of cardiac renin-angiotensin system in hypertensive rats

HUANG Jian-zhai, WEI Li, WANG Xiao-jun, LI Qing-ping

2006, 11(8):  863-867. 

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AIM: To investigate whether the circadian mRNA expression of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components (ATNG 、AT1R、AT2R) in myocardium is correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy in both spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and renal hypertensive rats (RHR).METHODS: The model of RHR as established using 2K1C (two-kidney one clip).SHR, RHR, and normotensive control rats (CON) were oused in a separate environment-controlled room for two eeks, in which a strict 12-hour light 12-hour dark cycle egimen was enforced (lights on at 9 ∶00, zeitgeber time ZT0]).Rats were killed every 4 hours from 9 ∶00 am ZT0) to 5 ∶00 pm (ZT20) on three separate days.We xamined the circadian mRNA expression of ATNG 、AT1 R、AT2R in the hearts of SHR, RHR and CON rats by T-PCR.RESULTS: Heart weight to body weight ratios nd left ventricle weight to heart weight ratios indicated a ignificant increase in SHR and RHR compared with normotensive ats.The cardiac mRNA expression of the RAS omponents showed circadian oscillations in SHR, RHR nd CON rats.The amplitudes of these circadian fluctuations ere greater in the SHR and RHR than in the CON ats.The mRNA levels of the RAS components were increased n the SHR and RHR compared with the CON rats t many time points.CONCLUSION: The data indicate hat overexpression and enhanced amplitudes of circadian luctuations of RAS components in SHR and RHR may ay a role in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Pharmacokinetic studies of glimepiride and its hydroxy-metabolite in healthy volunteers

TIAN Lei, HUANG Yi-ling, HUA Lu, JIANG Juan-juan, LI Yi-shi

2006, 11(8):  868-872. 

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AIM: To establish an HPLC-MS MS method for the simultaneous determination of glimepiride and its hydroxy-metabolite M1 in human plasma, and to study their pharmacokinetic profiles in healthy Chinese volunteers.METHODS: A single oral dose of 2 mg glimepiride tablet was given to 22 healthy male volunteers individually.The concentrations of glimepiride and M1 in plasma were determined and their pharmacokinetic parameters were simulated by WinNonlin software.RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of glimepiride and M1 were as follows:T_max 2.7 ±0.6 and 4.2 ±1.6 h,C_max 188 ±52 and 34 ±11 μg·L^-1 , AUC_{0 -24} 813 ±277and 258 ±66 μg·h·L^-1 , t_1/2 6.6 ±2.1 and 6.3 ±2.5h.CONCLUSION: The HPLC-MS/MS method developed in our lab was sensitive and precise.Glimepiride was well tolerated and exhibited ethnic difference between Chinese and Caucasian.

Effect of naftopidil'ramification-BWYJ on benign prostatic hyperplasia in mice and rats

YU Shuang, YU Li-mei, YUAN Mu, YU Hong, WU Qin, SHI Jin-shan

2006, 11(8):  873-877. 

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AIM: To observe the effect of naftopidilderivant BWYJ on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) induced by testosterone propionate in castrated rats and uncastrated mice.METHODS: Castrated rats and uncastrated mice were injected subcutaneously testosterone propionate to induce BPH.The effect of BWYJ on mice with BPH was obtained by the prostatic wet weight and wet weight index.As well morphological changes of prostate were observed through light microscope and electron microscope,and were semi-quantified by image analysis system.The apoptotsis of prostatic cells in rat was detected by TUNEL assay.RESULTS: BWYJ decreased the prostate wet weight index (P<0.05).BWYJ inhibited histomorphological changes of BPH induced by testosterone propionate in uncastrated mice.Few apoptosis cell was detected by TUNEL assay in BWYJ-treated groups compared with model grouP(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: BWYJ inhibits BPH induced by testosterone propionate in KM mice and SD rat.

Tumor associated and immune associated gene differential expression by cDNA microarray in rat liver treated with berberine chloride

YU Ai-rong, XIN Hua-wen, WU Xiao-chun, LI Qing, ZHU Min, ZHANG Qin

2006, 11(8):  878-882. 

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AIM: To study the effects of berberine chloride(Ber) on tumor associated and immune associated gene expression profile in rat liver.METHODS: After orally treated with berberine chloride for 6 days, the rats were sacrificed and the livers were taken out to extract total RNA.mRNA from negative control grouPand Ber grouPwere labeled with Cy3-dCTPand Cy5-dCTPrespectively.These probes were hybridized with cDNA microarray.The acquired image was scanned and analyzed by GenePix Pro 3.0 software.The intensity ratio of Cy5 to Cy3 about each spot was calculated.RESULTS: Among 4096 genes, 236 genes exhibited differential expressions in grouPtreated with Ber.22 tumor associated and immune associated genes were differentially expressed with 9 genes up-regulated and 13 genes down-regulated.The genes up-regulated included CYP17, kangai 1, opioidbinding protein/cell adhesion molecule-like (Opcml) , interleukin 6, kidney-specific protein, interleukin 2 receptor and alpha-2-macroglobulin.The genes down-regulated included cytochrome P450 2E1, testicular cell adhesion molecule,S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase , asialoglycoprotein receptor, tumor protein translationally-controlled 1 (Tpt1) , CTL target antigen and S100 calcium-binding protein A9.CONCLUSION: The anti-cancer effects and immunoregulatory function of Ber may be related with differential expressions of some tumor associated and immune associated genes.

Effects of puerarin on blood lipid and expression of aorta laminin B1 mRNA in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

LI Qiang-xiang, WANG Cai-yun, OU Yu-lan, HE Jin-lian, ZHU Fei-yue, ZHANG Zhuo, ZHONG Hui-ju

2006, 11(8):  883-887. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of puerarin on blood lipid and expression of aorta laminin B₁ mRNA in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.METHODS: Diabetic nephropathy rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ, and the experimental rats were divided into normal control group, model group, and puerarin group.During and after the treatment for 12 weeks, the general state, blood suger(BS) , triglyceride(TC) , cholesterol,low density lipoprotein(LDL-C) , high density lipoprotein(HDL-C) , glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)and glycosylated low density lipoprotein(G-LDL) were detected.Aorta alteration of tissue morphology was observed by H.E staining, and the expressions of laminin B1 mRNA were determined by in situ hybridization analysis.RESULTS: Diabetes mellitus and aorta lesion occurred in the two model groups.Puerarin could improve the general state, decrease the level of triglyceride(P<0.05) ,serum cholesterol (P<0.05) , low density lipoprotein(P<0.05) , glycosylated hemoglobin(P<0.05) , and glycated low density lipoprotein(P<0.05) , and increase the level of high density lipoprotein(P<0.05).The expression of laminin B₁ mRNA in the aorta were significantly inhibited by Puerarin (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Puerarin have certain protective effects on aorta in rats.

Induction of apoptosis in human leukemia cells by podophyllotoxin nanoliposome

CHEN Jing, ZHANG Xiao-yun, NI Jing-man, WEI Hu-lai

2006, 11(8):  888-891. 

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AIM: To study the apoptosis-inducing effect of podophyllotoxin nanoliposome on human leukemia K562 cells.METHODS: The podophyllotoxin nanoliposome was prepared using a dried film-ultrasonic procedure.K562 cells were treated with different concentration of podophyllotoxin (POD) and podophyllotoxin nanoliposome(POD-nlip) in vitro.The cell proliferating activity was assessed with an MTT assay, and cell morphology and Annexin Ⅴ/PI staining were employed to determine apoptosis in K562 cells.RESULTS: The inhibitory effect of POD-nliPon K562 cells was much higher than that of POD, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 24 h,48 h and 72 h was 0.71, 0.02 and 0.003 μg·ml^-1 , respectively,and 1.50, 0.12 and 0.05 μg·ml^-1 respectivelyfor POD.After treatment with 0.01 μg·ml^-1 PODnlipand POD for 24 h and 72 h, the apoptotic rates ofK562 cells detected by Annexin Ⅴ/PI staining were 91.1% and 92.7% for POD-nlip, and 63.4% and 66.8% for POD, respectively.At 72 h the cells mainly showed late apoptotic phenomenon.The cells showed typical apoptotic morphological changes in both POD-nlipand POD-treated cells.CONCLUSION: Compared with podophyllotoxin, podophyllotoxin nanoliposome has more significant inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effect on human leukemia cell line K562 cells.

Effect of intrathecal ω-conopeptide SO₃ on expression of Fos and Jun protein in spinal cord of rats undergoing neuropathic pain

WANG Hong, ZHOU Xiao-wei, ZHANG Hong, HUANG Pei-tang

2006, 11(8):  892-897. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect of intrathecal administration of ω-conopeptide SO₃ , a neotype Ntype calcium channel blocker, on the expression of Fos and Jun protein in the spinal cord of a rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI).METHODS: 72 male SD rats weighing 230 -270 g were randomly divided into nine groups of 8 animals each.After i.t.NS or SO₃ , the animals were perfused intracardially with 4% paraformaldehyde and the L4 -L6 spinal cord section was removed immediately.The changes of Fos and Jun protein expression in the spinal cord were detected by immunohistochemical techniques.RESULTS: The expression of Fos and Jun protein in the spinal cord was minimal in sham operation grouP;CCI induced significant increase in the expression of Fos and Jun protein in both the ipsilateral and the contralateral spinal cords.Acute or chronic i.t.NS had no effect on these expressions.Both acute or chronic i.t.SO₃ significantly inhibited the increase in Fos and Jun protein expression induced by CCI in a dose-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: Upregulation of expression of Fos and Jun protein may be involved in the development of neuropathic pain, and i.t.SO₃ inhibits the increased expression.

Expression of IGFBP-2 and its correlation with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor in breast cancer

HE Yang, JI Zhao-ning, WANG Lu

2006, 11(8):  898-901. 

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AIM: To investigate the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in breast cancer and its connection with clinical pathological characteristics of breast cancer as well as the correlation between IGFBP-2 expression and estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR).METHODS: Examined the expression of IGFBP-2, ER and PR in 42 cases of the breast carcinomas with the immunohistochemical technique(S-Pmethod).RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the primary tumor extension, age and category in breast cancer (P>0.05);the positive percentage of IGFBP-2 was statistically higher in breast cancer with metastasis in lymph node than those without metastasis in lymph node (P<0.05).The expression of IGFBP-2 in breast cancer is midrange positive correlation with that of ER (P<0.01, r_s =0.486) , and it is not connected with expression of PR in breast cancer (P>0.05, r_s =0.271).CONCLUSION: The expression of IGFBP-2 may play an important role in the progression,invasion and metastasis of breast cancer, and there is a positive correlation between the expression of IGFBP-2 and ER in breast cancer.It demonstrates that over expression of IGFBP-2 may be a reference to evaluate unfavourable prognosis of breast cancer.

Different growth response of rabbit's vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells to Paclitaxel

WU Xiao-jing, GE Jun-bo, HUANG Lan, ZHOU Qi, ZOU Yun-zeng

2006, 11(8):  902-906. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect of paclitaxel on the quantitative growth of rabbit's vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) and their relationshiPin vitro.METHODS: An ex vivo model of endothelium repair was developed in which rabbit's SMCs were inoculated in the upper chamber and rabbit's ECs in the lower chamber of a co-culture system.3H-TdR incorporation and cell counting were used to determine the effect of paclitaxel on the quantitative proliferation of rabbit's vascular ECs and SMCs.The migration rate was analyzed to determine the effect of paclitaxel on the migration of rabbit's vascular ECs and SMCs.The IC50 of paclitaxel on ECs and SMCs was calculated.RESULTS: The³H-TdR incorporation, cell counting and migration of rabbit's vascular SMCs were inhibited by paclitaxel of 1 nmol·L^-1 -1 μmol·L^-1 in a concentration-dependent manner (n =6, P<0.01).The³H-TdR incorporation and cell counting of rabbit's vascular ECs were inhibited by paclitaxel of 10 nmol·L^-1 -1 μmol·L^-1 andmigration by paclitaxel of 1 nmol·L^-1 -1 μmol·L-1 in a concentration-dependent manner (n =6, P<0.01).The³HTdR incorporation assay resulted in the IC50 of 10.09 ±0.47 nmol·L^-1 on SMCs and 19.06 ±0.35 nmol·L^-1 onECs proliferation.The migration assay resulted in the IC50of 9.16 ±0.54 nmol·L^-1 on SMCs and 5.37 ±0.51nmol·L^-1 on ECs migration.Paclitaxel (10 nmol·L^-1 ,20 min) inhibited SMCs growth of the confluent ECs grouPduring the observed period.However, increased SMCs growth was observed in the proliferative ECs grouP10 days after paclitaxel intervention.CONCLUSION: Paclitaxel inhibits not only SMCs but also ECs growth in rabbit's vascular.The delayed SMCs proliferation is closely related with the delayed ECs regeneration induced by paclitaxel.

Studies on permeation of transdermal progesterone delivery system in vitro

YU Jia, LIANG Wen-quan, JIN Yi

2006, 11(8):  907-910. 

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AIM: To study the permeation of transdermal progesterone delivery system in vitro.METHODS: The polyacrylic matrix-type transdermal patch of progesterone was prepared.The effect of penetration enhancers and drug content of the patch on the in vitro permeability of progesterone through human skin was examined using Valia-Chien diffusion cell and high performance liquid chromatography.RESULTS: The patch consisting of 23%monolaurin and 15% ethyl palmitate showed the optimal permeation , mean permeation rate being 1.50 ±0.64 μg·cm^-2 ·h^-1 with 21.4-fold enhancement, and permeation rate increased significantly with the increase of progesterone content from 0.75 to1.0 mg·cm^-2 , and did not increase further with the increase of content from 1.0 to 1.25 mg·cm^-2.CONCLUSION: Combination of monolaurin and ethyl palmitate can significantly increase the percutaneous absorption of transdermal progesterone delivery system , whose optimal contents of progesterone was 1.0 mg·cm^-2.

Inhibited effects of artemisinin on lipid peroxidation in cecal ligation and puncture rat's liver

CAO Hong-wei, GUO Yi-bin, WEI Li-zhao, WANG Ning, QU Hai, ZHENG Jiang

2006, 11(8):  911-914. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect of artemisinin(ART) on the lipid peroxidation damage of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) rat's liver.METHODS: Septic model was established by CLPin female Wistar rats.Artemisinin was administered and specimen such as blood and hepatic tissue were collected to examine serum lipopolysaccharide(LPS) , and contents of superoxide dismutase(SOD) , malondialdehyde (MDA) , TNF-αand IL-6 in hepatic homogenated tissue after 2, 4, 6, 12,24, 48 and 72 h by kinetic turbidimetric limulus test,colorimetric method and ELISA.RESULTS: The treatment of ART significantly reduced the peak plasma concentrations of LPS, the contents of MDA, TNF-αand IL-6 in hepatic tissue of the CLPrats.The level of SOD is significant higher.CONCLUSION: ART can reduce the lipid peroxidation damage developed in CLPrat's liver and thereby attenuate the imflammation damage.

XUE Hong-yuan , HOU Yan-ning , YANG Rong-hui , JIA Li-xia , ZHANG Yun-hao

XUE Hong-yuan, HOU Yan-ning, YANG Rong-hui, JIA Li-xia, ZHANG Yun-hao

2006, 11(8):  915-920. 

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AIM: To investigate the pharmacokinetic properties and bioequivalence of nifedipine sustained-release tablets after multiple doses administration in healthy volunteers.METHODS: Twenty two male healthy volunteers were enrolled in a randomized two-way crossover design with multiple doses (20 mg·d^-1 ×;7 d)study.Nitrendipine was used as the internal standard and the concentrations of nifedipine in plasma were determined by HPLC-APCI-MS.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and the bioequivalence were compared by DAS(ver 1.0)program.RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference preparations were as follows:C_max(52.5 ±;27.4)and (54.0 ±;31.2)ng·ml^-1;C_min(5.4 ±;4.1)and (6.2 ±;5.9)ng·ml^-1;C_av(16.8±;9.2)and (19.3 ±;12.4)ng·ml^-1;T_max(3.7 ±;0.9)and (4.1 ±;1.1)h;t_{1 2}(8.9 ±;4.9)and (8.5 ±;3.1)h;AUC_{0 -τ}(403.4 ±;221.0)and (461.9 ±;296.6)μg·h·L^-1 , AUC_0-36h (444.4 ±;256.1)and (503.1 ±;330.9) ng·h·ml^-1;AUC_{0 -∞} (482.1 ±;268.9) and(542.3 ±;348.4)ng·h·ml^-1;DF (299.8 ±;117.7)%and (279.2 ±;97.5)%, respectively.There were no significantdifferences (P>;0.05)in T_max , C_max , C_min ,Cav , DF , AUC_{0 -τ} , AUC_{0 -36}h , AUC_{0 -∞} and t_{1 2} between the two preparations.The relative bioavailability of test tablets was (100.6 ±;38.6)%.CONCLUSION: The test and reference preparations were bioequivalence.

Botulinum toxin type A reducing SPimmunoreactivity in jugular plasma,brain stem and ganglion nervi trigemini in migraine model rats triggered by nitroglycerin

ZHANG Xiao-ying, HOU Yi-ping, SONG Yan-feng, WANG Ying-chun

2006, 11(8):  921-924. 

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AIM: To observe the content change of substance P(SP) in jugular plasma, brain stem and ganglion nervi trigemini followed botulinum toxin type A(BTX-A) injected subcutaneously into migraine model rats triggered by nitroglycerin and its mechanism.METHODS: Rats were divided randomly into control grouP(n =5) and migraine model grouP(n =15) triggered by nitroglycerin injected local subcutaneously,which was subdivide into grouPtreated with NS (n =5) ,grouPtreated with BTX-A 5 U·kg^-1 (n =5) and grouPtreated with BTX-A 10 U·kg^-1 (n =5).The BTX-A and NS were injected into frontal and temporal for 6 days.The immunoractive SP(iSP) in jugular plasma, brain stem and ganglion nervi trigemini was detected after migraine treatment by RIA.RESULTS: Subcutaneous injection of nitroglycerin into animal caused symptoms of migraine, such as ear rosacea, forelimb clawing head frequently and climbing cage more, and behavioral scores increasing (P<0.01).The content of iSPin jugular plasma, brain stem and ganglion nervi trigemini was increased signify cantly in NS grouPthan that in control grouP(P<0.01).The contents of iSPin jugular plasma of BTX-A 5U·kg^-1 and BTX-A 10 U·kg^-1 groups decreased significantly(P<0.05) than that in NS group.CONCLUSION: Nitroglycerin subcutaneous injection triggers symptoms of migraine and increases content of SPin jugular plasma, brain stem and ganglion nervi trigemini.BTX-A local subcutaneous injection reduces symptoms of migraine model rats and content of SPin jugular plasma,brain stem and ganglion nervi trigemini.The results suggest that BTX-A can inhibit SPreleasing from “trigeminal vascular system”and prevent migraine from meningeal sterile inflammatory response.

Antibacterial activity of Allicin combined with Cefazolin or Oxacillin against staphylococci spp

CAI Yun, PEI Fei, ZHENG Yan-jun, LIANG Bei-bei, FAN Yan, LI Cong-ran, TONG Wei-hang, WANG Rui

2006, 11(8):  925-928. 

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AIM: To study the in vitro interaction of Allicin combined with Cefazolin or Oxacillin against clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis.METHODS: The protocol was designed by checkerboard method and the MICs of Allicin combined with Cefazolin or Oxacillin against the 40 strains of staphylococci spp.were determined by broth dilution method,the FIC index was calculated according to MIC results.The combined effects were confirmed by FIC index.RESULTS: The percentage of the FIC index less than 0.5,from 0.5 to 1, from 1 to 2, more than 2 was 55%-75%, 20%-40%, 0%-5.88%, 0% respectively.CONCLUSION: The results suggested that synergism and additivity of Allicin combined with Cefazolin or Oxacillinagainst 40 strains of staphylococci were main reaction,and there were little autonomy and no antagonism.

Methodology and clinical application of left heart contrast echocardiography with perfluoropropane-albumin microsphere

LV Qing, WANG Xin-fang, XIE Ming-xing, ZHENG Zhi-chao, YANG Ya-li, LU Xiao-fang, HE Lin, WANG Jing, LIU Xia-tian, YUAN Li

2006, 11(8):  929-932. 

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AIM: To evaluate the feasibility of clinical application of left heart contrast echocardiography with perfluoropropane-albuminmicrosphere.METHODS: The left heart contrast echocardiography , using intravenous bolus injection of perfluoropropane-albumin microsphere contrast agent , was performed in the 30 patients.Left heart opacification grades , numbers of border delineation segment and myocardial contrast agent perfusions were observed.Observer A and observers B evaluated the contrast effect respectively by self-comparison between pre-injection and post-injection.RESULTS: Left heart opacification grades of 1 patient is 2 grade by observers B , the others is 3 grade.The numbers of border delineation augment segment increased from 3.60 ±0.81 to 5.93 ±0.25 and from 3.50 ±0.73 to 5.87 ±0.35 by observer A and observers B.Both observers considered the number of clearly recognized endocardial border segments increased significantly.The interobserver difference is not of significance(P>0.05).The average enhancement rate of LV endocardial border was 96.6%.The myocardial contrast agent perfusions of left ventricular walls were clearly visualized in 30 patients.CONCLUSION: Clinical application of intravenous left heart contrast echocardiography with perfluoropropane-albumin microsphere is feasibility and effective.

Monitoring whole blood concentration of tacrolimus in 1190 samples from liver transplant recipients by ELISA

XIA Dong-ya, GUO Tao, JIANG Ling

2006, 11(8):  933-936. 

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AIM: To monitor the concentration of tacrolimus in whole blood in liver transplant recipients and establish an optimal therapeutic window of tacrolimus, in order to provide information for rational usage in clinic.METHODS: The whole blood concentrations of tacrolimus were measured by ELISA.The levels of tacrolimus in 1190 samples from 138 liver transplant recipients were compared and studied.RESULTS: The whole blood concentration of tacrolimus is gradually decreased with time after operation.The optimal therapeutic window of tacrolimus for liver transplant recipients was 8 -15 μg·L^-1within 1 month after operation, 6 -12 μg·L^-1 from the 2nd to 3rd months, 5 -10 μg·L^-1from the 4th to 6th months and 3 -8 μg·L^-1 after 6 months, respectively.CONCLUSION: It is necessary to routinely monitor blood concentration of tacrolimus.The satisfying therapeutic effects will be obtained if dosage regimens will be individualized according to optimal therapeutic window.

Clinical research of Dun Tu Yi Mu Tang on diarrhea type of irritable bowel syndrome territories

YE Shi-long

2006, 11(8):  937-939. 

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AIM: To evaluate the clinical effects of Dun Tu Yi Mu Tang (DTYM) on treatment of diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS).METHODS: 137 cases diagnosed of D-IBS were divided into two groups randomly.69 cases in treatment grouPwear treated with DTYM while 68 cases in the control grouPwith Dioctahedral smectite and Probanthine.The treatment course was eight weeks.The symptoms such as diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and medication reaction, and the B type ultrasond, the routine test of blood, urine and stool, bacteriological analyse of stool cultivation and liver function and renal function were observed.RESULTS: The total effective rate of treatment grouPwas significantly higher than that of the contol grouP(P<0.05) , no medication reaction occurred in the treatment group.CONCLUSION: DTYM is a safe and effective medicine to treat DIBS.

Inhibitory effect of licoric extracts on activity of tyrosinase

SHEN Jun, HE Li-ping, ZHANG Rui-bin

2006, 11(8):  940-942. 

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AIM: To study the inhibitory effects of the licoric extracts on the activity of tyrosinase, which is constituted of monophenolase and diphenolase.METHODS: The 50%(V/V) alcohol is used as extractant.To investigate the effects of the licoric extracts on the monophenolase and diphenolase activity, the absorbance of the solution containing several concentrations of the licoric extracts was measured at 475 nm and 390 nm, using the Ltyrosine and pyrocatechin as the substrate, respectively.RESULTS: The licoric extracts has showed a strongly inhibition on the activity of tyrosinase, either monophenolase or diphenolase.The IC₅₀ is 1.94 and 2.94mg·ml^-1 , respectively.CONCLUSION: The licoric extracts has inhibitory effects on both monophenolase and diphenolase.The diphenolase activity test system using pyrocatechin as the substrate is a useful procedure to study the activity of tyrosinase.

Ethic review in clinical research:cognitively impaired persons

WANG Xiu-qin, XIONG Ning-ning, LIU Shen-lin, LI Qi-yi, JIANG Meng, LIU Fang, ZOU Jian-dong, GAO Wei-min, XUE Xue-kun

2006, 11(8):  943-946. 

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Mental disorders may compromise sufferers'capacity to understand the information presented and their ability to make a reasoned decision about participating in clinical research.Regarding clinical research in-volving individuals who by reason of mental disorders are not capable of giving adequately informed consent, Institutional Review Board should ensure that, such persons will not be subjects of research that might equally well be carried out on persons whose capacity to give adequately informed consent is not impaired;the purpose of the research is to obtain knowledge relevant to the particular health needs of persons withmental disorders;the consent of each subject has been obtained to the extent of that person's capabilities, and a prospective subject's refusal to participate in research is always respected, unless, in exceptional circumstances, there is no reasonable medical alternative and local law permits overriding the objection;and, in cases where prospective subjects lack capacity to consent, permission is obtained from a legally authorized representative in accordance with applicable law.

Probability estimation in chromatographic peak purity test

SHANG Er-xin, XIANG Bing-ren

2006, 11(8):  947-951. 

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AIM: To apply Fourier de-convolution method in the purity test of chromatographic peak and develoPa novel probability model for evaluation of the accuracy of purity judgment.METHODS: A large amount of overlapped peaks were simulated in computer.For each overlapped peak, the minimum standard deviation of deconvoluting function, just under which the overlapped peak could be judged correctly, was found.These standard deviations were recorded as observation values.The cumulative distribution curves were calculated when the observation values were enough.RESULTS: The probability model for purity test was built successfully and was applied in our experiment.The result of judgment with accuracy was satisfactory.CONCLUSION: The probability model for purity test can improve the confidence of purity judgment result.It has great applicable value in practical analysis.

General consideration of clinical investigation for registration of fixed dose combination anti-hypertension drugs

KANG Cai-lian, GAO Chen-yan

2006, 11(8):  952-954. 

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Fixed dose combination anti-hypertension drugs have the benefits such as free combination of the efficacy or/and safety of various kinds of anti-hypertension drugs , increasing patient's compliance , reducing the cost of treatment.The goal and the content of clinical investigation for registration are different for drugs which have different marketed groundwork.This article will illuminate the general consideration of clinical trials for different kinds marketed groundwork of fixed dose combination anti-hypertension drugs , including marketed drugs in China, none-marketed in China but marketed in foreign countries, none-marked in any countries.

Qualitative analysis of laboratory data in multi-center clinical trials

DING Hong, YU Hao, ZHAO Yang, SU Bing-hua, CHEN Feng

2006, 11(8):  955-957. 

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AIM: To study the qualitative methods for analyzing laboratory variables from multi-center clinical trial.METHODS: Two methods were proposed.One is to compare the proportions of persons whose values are clinical abnormal after treatment but normal before treatment.The other is to test the randomness of the difference of the values before and after treatment.RESULTS: Both of the methods can eliminate the difference between centers , as well as the difference between age groups and gender.The likelihood ratio test or Fisher's exact probability method should be used for first method , and u test or exact method based on binomial distribution with rate 0.5 for second method.CONCLUSION: In multi-center clinical trial , both qualitative and quantitative methods should be used for laboratory variables to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the drug being tested.

Consideration of clinical efficacy scale of traditional Chinese medicine

CHENG Long

2006, 11(8):  958-960. 

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Clinical efficacy scale of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) should be built according to the characteristics of TCM, scientific demand, and demonstrated by practice.This paper provides some considerations of the scale.