关键词: 小于胎龄儿, 适于胎龄儿, 体格生长, 追赶生长

Abstract: Objective To investigate the physical growth of small for gestational age(SGA) 24 months after birth,so as to provide the scientific basis for making growth and development intervention strategies for SGA. Methods A prospective study was used to select SGA born from January 2016 to April 2018,receiving regular physical examination in community health-care service centers within 2 years after birth. Full-term appropriate for gestational age(AGA) infants during the same period were selected as controls. The weight and length of the infants were measured continuously. And after standardization,the growth level and growth rates were compared between the two groups. Results 1) The weight and length for age Z-scores in the SGA group were lower than those in the AGA group. In the SGA group,the weight and length for age Z-scores both showed an increasing trend in the 12 months after birth. But the weight gain(△Z: 1.17±1.10) and length growth(△Z: 0.65±1.23) of the SGA group were higher than those of the AGA group during infancy. 2) Totally 67.65% of the infants showed catch-up growth in weight and 50.98% of infants showed catch-up growth in height. Weight and height growth rate at 0 to 12 months old was positively correlated with the nutritional status at 2 years old(P<0.01). 3) The incidence rates of underweight,stunting and wasting were higher than those of the AGA group,and the incidence at 2 years old was 8%—15%. The incidence of overweight and obesity of SGA group was lower than that of the AGA group,the incidence of overweight at 2 years old was 2.94%. The differences in the incidence rates of underweight,stunting and overweight were significant between SGA group and AGA group(χ²=4.40,4.18,5.38,P<0.05). The incidence of anemia of SGA group at 6 months old was 43.63%. Conclusions Small full-term infants have catch-up growth in weight and length within one year after birth. The occurrence of malnutrition should not be ignored,and attention should be paid to prevent malnutrition and anemia at 6 months of age in full-term infants.

Key words: small for gestational age, appropriate for gestational age, physical growth, catch-up growth