关键词: 学龄儿童, 营养不良, 超重, 肥胖

Abstract: Objective To investigate the physical development and nutrition status of rural school-age children in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, so as to provide data support for improving children′s health in ethnic minority areas. Methods School children aged 10 to 12 years in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province in 2019 were selected in this cross-sectional survey. Height and weight of the participants were measured, then body mass index(BMI) was calculated. The detection rates of malnutrition, growth retardation, overweight and obesity were analyzed to assess children′s growth and development. Results The average weight was 33.3 kg and 31.7 kg for 10-year-old boys and girls in rural Linxia, which was 33.8 kg and 33.2 kg for 11-year-old boys and girls, 34.6 kg and 35.2 kg in 12-year-old boys and girls. The average height was 139.8 cm and 138.7 cm for 10-year-old boys and girls in rural Linxia, which was 141.1 cm and 141.7 cm for 11-year-old boys and girls, 143.2 cm and 143.8 cm in 12-year-old boys and girls. The detection rate of malnutrition was 35.1%(36.9% for boys and 33.0% for girls), including moderate malnutrition of 23.4%, mild malnutrition of 11.7%, overweight of 4.7% and obesity of 4.6%. There was no statistically significant difference in nutritional status among different gender and age groups(Z=368 213.0, H=0.132, P＞0.05). The growth retardation rate increased with age, and the overall rate was 5.8%(4.2% for boys and 7.4% for girls). There were significant differences in growth retardation rate(χ²=99.000, 198.000, P<0.001) and height(Z=346 398.0, H=150.97, P<0.05) among different gender and age groups. Conclusion The physical development level of rural school-age children in Linxia Prefecture, Gansu Province lags behind, so it is supposed to strengthen the growth and development of children, and take effective measures to promote the healthy development of children.

Key words: school-age children, malnutrition, overweight, obesity