Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of maternal behaviors on social anxiety of students,in order to provide appropriate suggestions for reducing social anxiety. Method A total of 217 matched pairs of mother and their children from the third grade to the fifth grade were selected as participants from three primary schools of Harbin in April 2009. Results The average scores of social anxiety in 2009,2011,2013 were 5.19±3.45,4.81±3.94 and 5.83±3.92,respectively. Girls,non-only child,quarrel and maternal anxiety were risk factors for social anxiety in children(OR=1.687,1.717,1.587,P<0.05),with the regression coefficients of 0.523,0.541 and 0.462,respectively.While the situation of parents without quarrels was a protective factor for social anxiety in children(OR=0.408,P<0.05),with the regression coefficient of -0.896.Moreover,ambivalent attachment and maternal psychological control were risk factors for maternal anxiety(OR=2.383,2.842, P＜0.05),while maternal acceptance was a protective factor for maternal anxiety(OR=0.458,P＜0.05). Conclusion High maternal psychological control,low acceptance and maternal anxiety play a key role in the occurrence and development of students ' social anxiety.

Key words: social anxiety, maternal attachment, acceptance, psychological control, maternal anxiety

摘要： 目的 研究母亲行为对学生社交焦虑产生及发展的影响,为母亲及时改善教育方式以降低儿童社交焦虑发生率提供适当的建议。方法 2009年4月随机抽取哈尔滨市某区三所小学校的3~5年级学生进行为期4年的追踪调查,并从中筛选三次调查均为母子匹配的217对作为此次研究对象。结果 2009、2011、2013年学生社交焦虑总体均值分别为5.19±3.45、4.81±3.94、5.83±3.92。结果显示女生、非独生、母亲焦虑是其子女易患社交焦虑症的危险因素(OR=1.687、1.717、1.587,P<0.05),回归系数分别为0.523、0.541、0.462;父母不争吵是其子女易患社交焦虑症的保护因素(OR=0.408,P<0.05),回归系数为-0.896。分析结果显示矛盾型依恋、母亲心理控制是其子女易患焦虑症表现的危险因素(OR=2.383、2.842,P<0.05),回归系数分别为0.868、1.044,母亲接纳是其子女易患焦虑症表现的保护因素(OR=0.458,P<0.05),回归系数为-0.780。结论 母亲对学生心理控制程度过高、接纳程度过低以及母亲的焦虑情绪均可对学生社交焦虑的发生及发展起到一定的作用。

关键词: 社交焦虑, 母子依恋, 接纳, 心理控制, 母亲焦虑