Table of Content

10 January 2019, Volume 27 Issue 1

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Intervention principles for children with autism and BSR model

ZOU Xiao-bing

2019, 27(1):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-1611

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1254KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD) is mainly characterized by social communication deficits, restricted interests and repetitive patterns of behavior. Research evidences prove sufficiently that early diagnosis and early intervention can improve the prognosis of ASD significantly. According to the national conditions in China, the core mission for ASD intervention must be addressed on improving social communication deficiency, adhered to scientific evidence-based intervention, personalized intervention, and family-community based intervention. Therefore, the author proposes three educational principles for ASD children and the BSR intervention model, which refers to using behavioral management strategy as basic method, using structural teaching as basic framework, and using social communication as basic components.

Preliminary study on the abilities of attention and social development of boys with autism spectrum disorder

LIU Yi, CHEN Jing, YANG Wei-min, DU Ya-song

2019, 27(1):  7-10.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0744

Asbtract ( )   PDF (558KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the characteristics of attention and social development of boys with autism spectrum disordes(ASD),and to analyze the correlation between them. Methods Totally 37 boys with ASD were recruited from psychiatrist department for children and adolescents of Shanghai Mental Health Center from July 2015 to July 2016. All participants were assessed by Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC),Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Parents' Version (SDQ),and the social development and play part of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). Results In ASD group,the sensory,relating,body and object use,language and social/self help subscale scores of ABC were positively correlated with SDQ emotional problems,hyperactivity/inattention,peer problems and total difficulties score (P<0.01). The scores of range of facial expression used to communicate,imitative social play,interest in children,offering comfort,quality of social overture and inappropriate facial expressions were negatively correlated with prosocial behavior subscale of SDQ (P<0.01). Conclusions ASD boys have significant defect in social and play abilities such as direct gaze,social smiling,group play with peers,showing and directing attention,seeking to share enjoyment with others. Early detection is helpful for screening and intervention.

Study on current status and related factors of feeding problems in children with autism spectrum disorder

LIU Xing-hua, HU Jin-ming, CHEN Hua-bing, ZOU Xiao-bing

2019, 27(1):  11-14.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0501

Asbtract ( )   PDF (485KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate current status and related factors of feeding problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD),in order to provide reference for behavior modification of feeding problems in ASD children. Methods Totally 119 ASD children and 185 normal children were enrolled in this study from August 2015 to January 2016. Brief Autism Mealtime Behaviors Inventory (BAMBI) was used to assess feeding problems. The correlation between related factors and feeding problems was analyzed by spearman correlation analysis. Results The scores of food refusal,limited variety of food and BAMBI total scores in ASD boys were significantly higher than those in normal boys (9.64±3.18 vs. 8.15±2.85,P=0.003; 21.21±5.53 vs. 18.76±4.93,P=0.004; 41.44±9.41 vs. 37.05±7.41,P=0.001). ASD girls had more feeding flexibility-hurtful behaviors when eating scores than boys with ASD (12.17±2.25 vs. 10.58±2.60,P=0.029). Compared with normal boys,boys with low-functioning autism had higher scores on the scores of food refusal,feeding flexibility-hurtful behavior when eating and BAMBI total scores (9.83±3.21 vs. 7.61±2.56,P=0.004; 11.72±3.03 vs. 10.07±2.31,P=0.029; 42.62±10.54 vs. 36.89±7.41,P=0.028). In ASD children,food refusal was positively related with stereotypic behavior,self-injurious behavior,compulsive behavior,ritualistic/sameness behavior and restricted interests(P＜0.05). Moreover,feeding flexibility-hurtful behavior was positively related to age,stereotypic behavior,compulsive behavior and restricted interests(P＜0.05). Limited variety of food had positive correlation with stereotypic behavior,compulsive behavior,ritualistic/sameness behavior and restricted interests(P＜0.05). Conclusions ASD boys have more feeding problems than normal boys,and repetitive and stereotypic behavior probably affect feeding problems in children with low-functioning ASD. Clinical medical staff should pay more attention to such problems and individual behavior modification in ASD children.

Development and reliability and validity test of Checklist for Chinese Infants with Autism

SHAO Zhi, ZHANG Ya-ru, ZHAO Qin, GUO Lei

2019, 27(1):  15-18.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-1182

Asbtract ( )   PDF (589KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To develop the Checklist for Chinese Infants with Autism (CHCIA) for children aged 12-24 months,and to test its reliability and validity. Methods A total of 60 children in case group(including autism children and children with language development retardation) and 60 normal children were selected in northern,southern,western,eastern and southwest of China from November 2016 to May 2018.All participants were assessed with CHICA and case group were reassessed in one week,re-test reliability was analyzed by the correlation of the two results.Meantime,5 369 children were screened with CHICIA in the child health care clinic in Beijing,Shenzhen,Qingdao,Xi'an,Chonqging and Guiyang. Children who scored more than the critical value were followed up till 2 years old. Results Coefficients of the test-retest reliability and evaluator consistency were both more than 0.9. There were significant differences on CHCIA scores in each dimension among autism group,development retardation group and normal group,indicating good discriminate validity of the scale. When critical value for screening was set up as J,diagnostic value as Z,the sensitivity,specificity,and positive predictive value all reached ideal state. Finally 15 children sreened as autism by CHICA were diagnosed with autism in the follow-up,indicating the criterion validity of CHICA was good. Conclusions The CHICA scale is well designed with good reliability,validity and criterion validity,and is qualified as a screening and diagnostic tool for autism children. Meantime,it has few items and is easy to use,which can be widely used in clinics.

Analysis of association between NRXN1 and NLGN1 gene polymorphism and childen with autism spectrum disorder in Zhuhai

QI Xiao-bing, YU Juan-juan, ZHONG Jie-qiong, ZHOU Xiang, WU Hua-juan

2019, 27(1):  19-22.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-1393

Asbtract ( )   PDF (495KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the association of NRXN1 and NLGN1 with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in Zhuhai,in order to provide the prevention of ASD. Methods A case-control study was conducted with 123 cases and 506 healthy controls who recruited from Zhuhai Maternal and Child Care Service Centre from 2011 to 2016. Genomic DNA was extracted from oral swabs and the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) geno types were determined by using a PCR-RFLP assay. Results There were no significant differences on the distribution of three SNPs (rs1045881 and rs11885824 in NRXN1,rs9855544 in NLGN1) between autism group and healthy controls (P＞0.05) .However,there were significant differences on genotype frequencies between cases and controls for all three polymorphisms. However,interaction between rs11885824 in NRXN1 and rs9855544 in NLGN1 was associated with ASD. The best model was two-locus(rs9855544,rs11885824,Testing accuracy 0.480,CVC10/10,P=0.040). Conclusions Single polymorphisms of rs1045881 and rs11885824 in NRXN1, rs9855544 in NLGN1 are not associated with ASD. However,the interaction between rs11885824 in NRXN1 and rs9855544 in NLGN1 may be involved in the susceptibility to ASD.

Clinical characteristics and the concordance rates of 58 pairs of ascertained autism spectrum disorder

DENG Wen-lin, XING Yi-pei, WANG Fang, YOU Cong, CHEN Bi-yuan, LIANG Ya-yong, DENG Hong-zhu, ZOU Xiao-bin

2019, 27(1):  23-25.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0126

Asbtract ( )   PDF (492KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and the concordance rates of 58 pairs of ascertained autism spectrum disorder(ASD) and to discuss their genetic patterns and risk factors. Methods ASD twins were collected from Children's Development Behavior Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in 1999-2015. Totally 58 pairs of ASD twins in the follow-up program were analyzed,and at least 1 twin had been diagnosed with an ASD in each pair. R software was used to analyze data. Results The birth weight of twins was lower,the gestational age was lower,the perinatal period had more risk factors. The concordance rates of monozygotic twins was 73.68%,while 12.82% for dizygotic twins,and the difference was statistically significant(χ²=18.81,P＜0.01). Conclusion ASD monozygotic twins have high concordance rates,indicating that the genetic factors are one of the important etiology.

Analysis of the relationship between skull shape and intelligence development in 6 to 30 month-old children with cerebral palsy in Shenyang

YU Cong, WEI Bing, LIAO Shi-e, LIU Ya-li, LIU Jing, MA Xue-mei, DAI Ming, WANG Chun-nan, WEI Ke-lun

2019, 27(1):  26-29.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0290

Asbtract ( )   PDF (563KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the cranial shape of 6 to 30 month-old children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Shenyang,and to analyze its correlation with the mental development index (MDI) in the Bayley Infant Development Scale (BSID),in order to provide reference for promoting MDI in CP children. Methods Totally 663 CP children in four hospitals in Shenyang were selected as case group,and 587 non-CP children were selected as control group from February to September 2017. The STAR laser scanner performed a skull scan on the participants and the level of mental development was assessed with BSID. Results 1) The prevalence rate of cranial malformations was 40.7% in the 663 CP patients in the case group,29.3% and 11.4% for mild and moderately severe cases,respectively. The rate of cranial malformations was 31.7% in 587 non-CP children,20.9% and 10.8% for mild and moderately severe malformations. And the rate of cranial malformations in case group was significantly higher than that in control group (χ²=2.612, P<0.05),and so were for mild and moderately severe malformations (χ²=3.217,1.534, P<0.05). 2) Totally 43.7% of children in case group were screened as mental retardation (MDI≤69). And with the severity of head malformation increasing,MDI gradually decreased (χ²=0.025,P<0.05). Conclusions Cranial malformations are associated with mental development and may be a risk indicator of mental retardation,especially in children with CP. Medical staff and parents should pay attention to the relationship between skull shape and intelligence development,attach importance to the inspection of the head shape of infants,in order to reduce the incidence of skull deformity.

Follow-up study on the trends and maternal factors for students ' social anxiety in Harbin

LI Hong-jie, CHAO Hong, GONG Jian, QIAN Xue-yan, JIN Bai-ming, WAN Si-yuan, LI Gang, WANG Yi-jun

2019, 27(1):  30-33.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0441

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1606KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the effect of maternal behaviors on social anxiety of students,in order to provide appropriate suggestions for reducing social anxiety. Method A total of 217 matched pairs of mother and their children from the third grade to the fifth grade were selected as participants from three primary schools of Harbin in April 2009. Results The average scores of social anxiety in 2009,2011,2013 were 5.19±3.45,4.81±3.94 and 5.83±3.92,respectively. Girls,non-only child,quarrel and maternal anxiety were risk factors for social anxiety in children(OR=1.687,1.717,1.587,P<0.05),with the regression coefficients of 0.523,0.541 and 0.462,respectively.While the situation of parents without quarrels was a protective factor for social anxiety in children(OR=0.408,P<0.05),with the regression coefficient of -0.896.Moreover,ambivalent attachment and maternal psychological control were risk factors for maternal anxiety(OR=2.383,2.842, P＜0.05),while maternal acceptance was a protective factor for maternal anxiety(OR=0.458,P＜0.05). Conclusion High maternal psychological control,low acceptance and maternal anxiety play a key role in the occurrence and development of students ' social anxiety.

Effect of maternal education level on vocabulary development of preschool children and the mediating roles of maternal language scaffolding

MA Li-li, XU Xue-hua, LI Ying, QIN Jin-liang

2019, 27(1):  34-36.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0422

Asbtract ( )   PDF (447KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the effect of maternal education level on the vocabulary development of preschool children,and to analyze the mediating role of maternal language scaffolding in the relationship between maternal education level and vocabulary development,in order to provide theoretical evidence for intervention of children with language development retardation. Methods Totally 490 mothers were asked to complete the Questionnaire of Maternal Education Level,the Vocabulary Tests and the Questionnaire of Maternal Language Scaffolding in November 2017.All data were analysed by Anova One-way and relevance analysis. Results 1) There were positive correlations among maternal education level,maternal language scaffolding and children's vocabulary development in the pairwise analysis(r=0.28,0.26,0.31,P<0.001). 2)Maternal education level could significantly predict children's vocabulary development(F=36.63,40.68,t=6.05,6.38,P<0.01). Maternal language scaffolding played a mediation role between maternal education level and children's vocabulary development (ab/c=29.07%). Conclusion Maternal education level would affect preschool children's vocabulary development via maternal language scaffolding.

Study on the association between sleep arrangements and sleep quality in preschool children

GUO Mei-yao, XIE Chuan-bo, ZHAO Xiao-li, LIAO Yan, GU Li-ping, GAO Jian-hui, LI Xiu-hong, WEN Xiao-zhong

2019, 27(1):  37-41.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0936

Asbtract ( )   PDF (636KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To examine the association between sleep arrangements and sleep quality in preschool children,in order to provide scientific evidence to guide parenting practices of child sleep arrangement. Methods Totally 139 children aged 4-6 years were enrolled in this study from March 2017 to February 2018. The self-designed questionnaire and the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) were used to measure the sleep quality.Chi-square test,one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression models were used to examine whether sleep quality was affected by sleep arrangement. Results Compared with children who slept in the same bed with their family members,children who slept in the same room with their family members but in a different bed (β=-3.23) and slept alone (β=-2.06) had lower bedtime resistance. Children who slept alone had more problems with sleep duration (β=0.98) and night waking (β=0.51),but less sleep anxiety (β=-1.20) than children who slept in the same bed with their family members. In addition,children who slept in the same room with their family but in different beds and slept alone had similar night and day sleeping durations with children who slept with their family members. Conclusions Compared with children who slept with their family members,children who slept alone have lower bedtime resistance and sleep anxiety,but have more problems with sleep duration and night waking. Children who slept with their family members but in different bed have lower bedtime resistance.

Effect of different intensities of exercise training on learning and memory in adolescent rats and the underlying mechanism

LIU Li, GOU Wei, XIE Wen, CHEN Li, LEI Xiao-mei

2019, 27(1):  42-45.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-1320

Asbtract ( )   PDF (906KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To observe the effect of different intensities of exercise training on learning and memory of adolescent rats,as well as the relationship between training and serum leptin levels. Methods Totally 30 rats aged 45-50 days were selected and randomly divided into three groups,including low intensity exercise,moderate intensity exercise and control group,with 10 rats in each group. Morris water maze was used to observe the learning and memory of rats. The serum leptin level was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The average escape latency of four morris water maze tests in the moderate intensity exercise was (44.8±5.0) s,(49.3±5.2) s,(39.3±4.7) s and (37.7±2.8) s,respectively,which were all shorter than those of control group(P＜0.01). The number of crossing platform and the level of serum leptin in the moderate intensity exercise training group were significantly higher than those in normal group (15.1±4.5) pg/ml vs. (12.8±3.7) pg/ml,5.2±1.8 vs. 2.6±0.4,P<0.05). Conclusion Moderate intensity exercise training can improve learning and memory ability of adolescent rats,which may be related to the increase of serum leptin content.

Research progress on zebrafish models of autism spectrum disorder

WANG Yi, LIU Chun-xue, XU Xiu

2019, 27(1):  46-50.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0529

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1459KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions,characterized by social deficits and the presence of repetitive stereotypic behaviors and restricted interests. The biological mechanisms of ASD have not been completely identified. As a fundamental research tool,animal model is comprehensively applied to study genetic basis,neuropathological mechanisms as well as pharmaceutical researches. Zebrafish models have been popularized as typical ASD models based on the advantages of the external fertilization,high fecundity,rapid development,optical transparence of embryos and larvae which allow real-time imaging of developing pathologies,drug screening on a large scale economically. This review thus aims to summarize the achievements of zebrafish for modeling ASD.

Research progress on the brain development of children with autism spectrum disorders

LIU Jia-ning, CHEN Yan-hui

2019, 27(1):  51-55.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0484

Asbtract ( )   PDF (834KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Researches on the structure,neural pathways and neuronal excitability of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have progressed rapidly in recent years. Studies indicated that abnormalities of brain development in ASD children can be found in early childhood by imaging and elctroencephalogram(EEG) examination,such as abnormalities in the corpus callosum and confusions in the nerve pathways of the white matter.On the other hand,the excitability abnormalities of some neurons is related to the behavioral changes of ASD,and the abnormalities were related to some receptor activities and some signaling pathways. These findings are helpful to explain the pathogenesis mechanism and behavioral manifestation of ASD,and related biological changes could also help to diagnose ASD and provide a breakthrough point for the treatment of ASD.

Advance on insulin-like growth factor-1 in autism spectrum disorders

HONG Xiao-wen, CHEN Yan-hui

2019, 27(1):  56-58.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-1095

Asbtract ( )   PDF (472KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is mainly dependent on behavioral symptoms,and most children could not receive accurate diagnosis until 4 years old when the impairment of social interaction presents typically and the best period of intervention has been missed. It is worth noting that scientists have made a lot of theoretical and practical research on the pathological mechanism and drug target of ASD. And more and more studies have shown that the biomarker,insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1),plays an important role in the development and progression in ASD. This review will summarize the role of IGF-1 in ASD in order to elucidate that IGF-1 is expected to be a biomarker of early diagnosis and early prevention of ASD,and to explore the application of IGF-1.

Research progress on the screening tools of infant developmental behavior

LIN Sen-ran, CUI Wei, GU Gui-xiong, HUA Jing

2019, 27(1):  59-62.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0480

Asbtract ( )   PDF (569KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Developmental behavioral disorder is a common kind of pediatric diseases whose early symptoms are mild and not easily to be detected. But it seriously affects children's quality of life. Early screening and effective intervention can reduce the risk of such diseases,thereby improving the quality of this population and saving medical and health resources. There are commonly two categories of screening scales,one is subjective evaluation questionnaire filled out by parents,such as Ages and Stages Questionnaire-Third Edition (ASQ-3). The other is Objective tests by professionals,such as Denver Developmental Screening Test-Second Edition (DDST-Ⅱ) and Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener & Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-third edition,Screening Test (BINS&BSID-Ⅲ Screening Test). This review summarizes research progress on the commonly used subjective and Objective screening scales.

Review on studies of family resilience in children with chronic diseases

WU Xiao-yu, MA Hong-xia, ZHANG Xiao-lei

2019, 27(1):  63-65.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0482

Asbtract ( )   PDF (467KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Chronic diseases have become major public health problems affecting children's health and entire family. In the face of significant crises,families are able to resist crises,respond positively and recover successfully,which is called family resilience. From the perspective of positive psychology,family resilience is the new direction of chronic diseases research and plays a decisive role in the family crisis response. A high level of family resilience can weaken the disadvantageous impact of disease on the family and promote the healthy operation of children and families. This review mainly draws on the concept of family resilience to provide a new perspective for the family health of children with chronic diseases.

Meta-analysis on the effect of music therapy on children with autism spectrum disorder

WANG Yue, LEI Xiao-mei, YANG Yuan-yuan, LI Shao-wen

2019, 27(1):  66-72.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-1147

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2705KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To evaluate the effect of music therapy on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) systematically, in order to provide evidence for further rehabilitation of ASD children. Methods Randomized controlled trial studies on the effect of music therapy on ASD children from 2000 to 2017 were analyzed by Meta-analysis with Rev Man 5.3 software. The fixed effect model or random effect model was selected by the heterogeneity test results. The SMD value and 95%CI were calculated, publication bias was evaluated, and sensitivity analysis was conducted. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to different duration time of intervention. Results Totally 20 published articles were selected, including 614 intervention cases and 622 control cases. The values of SMD and 95%CI of music therapy for overall effect of ASD children were of statistical significance(SMD=－0.74, 95%CI:－1.14－－0.34, P＜0.001). Also, music therapy improved social interaction skills(SMD=－0.81, 95%CI:－1.08－－0.54, P＜0.001), language function(SMD=－0.57,95%CI:－0.84－－0.29, P＜0.001) and language communication(SMD= 0.92,95%CI:0.41－1.44,P＜0.001)of ASD children significantly except for social behaviors (SMD=－0.85,95%CI:－0.61-0.03,P＞0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that music therapy did not significantly improve non-language communication skills of ASD children(SMD=0.45,95%CI:－0.11－1.01,P=0.12). Conclusions Music therapy has positive effect on core symptoms of ASD children, including the overall effect, social interaction, language function and language communication. However, it is suggested to combine music therapy with other comprehensive intervention and education interventions instead of conducting music therapy alone. Meanwhile, individualized and comprehensive interventions are expected according to the different symptoms of ASD children, in order to promote their better rehabilitation.

Clinical research on the treatment of autism spectrum disorder children by nasal spray oxytocin

TANG Lin, ZHANG Ya-ru, SHAO Zhi

2019, 27(1):  73-76.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0779

Asbtract ( )   PDF (611KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the role of nasal spray oxytocin therapy for the social interaction of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD),in order to find new approaches for the treatment of ASD children. Methods A prospective case-control study was conducted. Totally 25 ASD children were enrolled in this study and were randomly divided into treatment group (n=12) and control group (n=13).The treatment group was treated with nasal spray oxytocin therapy,while the control group only received basic treatment. Results 1) There was no significant difference on serum oxytocin level between treatment group and control group before treatment(t=0.09,P>0.05). The serum oxytocin levels in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group in the fourth week during treatment and one month after treatment (t=7.41,6.23,P<0.05). 2) There was no significant difference on Social Responsive Scale (SRS) between treatment group and control group before treatment,while the difference was significant in the fourth week during treatment(t=3.87,P<0.05). However,no significant differences on the score of Chinese Version of Pycho-Educational Profile-3rd edition (CPEP-3) were found before treatment,in the fourth week during treatment and after treatment(P>0.05). Conclusions ASD children in nasal spray oxytocin therapy can improve the oxytocin levels in the blood of ASD children and reduce the scores of social intercourse ability scale. So it is promising in the rehabilitation of children with ASD.

Effectiveness of behavior-structure-relationship model for children with autism spectrum disorder in short-term hospitalization

CHENG San-mei, WANG Shi-huan, CHEN Hua-bing, DENG Hong-zhu, ZOU Xiao-bing

2019, 27(1):  77-79.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-1062

Asbtract ( )   PDF (484KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To observe the intervention efficacy of behavior-structure-relationship (BSR) model for children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in short-term hospitalization,in order to provide reference for improving the prognosis of ASD children. Methods A total of 141 ASD children aged 2－6 years were divided into treatment group and control group from December 2015 to December 2016. Children in treatment group were trained in short-term courses with the BSR model 6 hours each day for 1 month,and the training courses included individual tutoring,game lessons,sports classes as well as music lessons. While children in control group were in waiting session at the same period. Both groups were evaluated to assess changes in all aspects of competence by Psychoeducational Profile (third edition) (PEP-3) before and after BSR intervention/waiting session. Results There was no significant difference on the raw score between the two groups before intervention,while the significant differences were found on the raw scores of cognition,language comprehension,imitation,emotional expression,social interaction,behavioral characteristics (non-verbal) and adaptive behavior after intervention between the two groups (t=2.41,2.02,4.14,3.69,4.42,2.69,2.96,P<0.05).However,there was no significant differences on the raw scores of small muscles,large muscles and self-care (t=－1.13,－1.05,－0.84,P>0.05). Conclusion The BSR intervention model can improve the prognosis of ASD children with short-term hospitalization effectively,may be a promising way for ASD treatment.

Effect of treatment and education of autistic and related communication-handicappedchildren-based training on the rehabilitation of autism children

ZHANG Qin-liang, ZHANG Jun, LIU Feng-lin, YUE Shou-wei, WU Dan

2019, 27(1):  80-83.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0680

Asbtract ( )   PDF (508KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To compare the difference on the effect between treatment and education of autistic and related communication-handicapped children(TEACCH)and conventional rehabilitation training for autistic spectrum disorder(ASD) children,in order to provide guidance for the rehabilitation treatment program of ASD children. Methods A total of 80 ASD children in child rehabilitation department of Linyi People's Hospital were randomly divided into TEACCH group and conventional rehabilitation group from March 2015 to December 2016. All participants were assessed by Psychoeducational Profile (third edition) (PEP-3),and the results were compared before rehabilitation treatment,3 months and 6 months after the training. Results After 3 months of training,many aspects improved significantly in TEACCH group than the conventional rehabilitation group,including emotional expression(t=2.264),nonverbal behavior(t=2.706),verbal behavior(t=2.210),personal self-care(t=3.328),adaptive behaviors(t=2.090)and overall behavioral characteristics(t=2.254)(P＜0.05).After six months of training,cognition(t=2.552),language comprehension(t=2.699),emotional expression(t=2.649),nonverbal behavior(t=2.524),verbal behavior(t=2.605),personal self-care(t=3.129),adaptive behaviors(t=2.055) and overall behavioral characteristics(t=2.583) in TEACCH group were significantly higher than those in the conventional rehabilitation group(P＜0.05). Conclusions Professional rehabilitation training can facilitate the rehabilitation of ASD children,of which TEACCH-based training can better promote the development of ASD children.

Treatment effect of parents' cognitive-behavioral group psychotherapy on children with autism spectrum disorder and their families

CHEN Ling, CHEN Min-rong, JI Jing-min

2019, 27(1):  84-87.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0591

Asbtract ( )   PDF (598KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To give parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) the intervention of cognitive-behavioral group psychotherapy (CBGP),and to analyse the treatment effect of this intervention. Methods A total of 60 ASD children were selected from rehabilitation institution from June 2014 to October 2015,and were divided into experiment group (n=30) and control group (n=30). Parents in the experiment group were given CBGP intervention for ten weeks. Before and after the treatment,Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ) were used to collect related data in two groups,and the differences were compared. Results After 10-week intervention,there were significant differences on sociability subtest score and total score of ATEC (t=2.595,2.808,P<0.05 or <0.01),as well as positive coping score of TCSQ (t=-2.174,P=0.036) between experiment group and control group. And the score of ATEC sensory/cognitive awareness subtest was negatively correlated with positive coping score of TCSQ (r=-0.202,P=0.027). Conclusion CBGP intervention for parents of ASD children may contribute to positive coping style of parents,thereby improving the treatment effect on sociability and sensory/cognitive awareness of ASD children.

Analysis of the related factors for allergic disease secondary to necrotizing enterocolitis

ZOU Shan-ye, LI Qu-bei

2019, 27(1):  87-90.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0503

Asbtract ( )   PDF (592KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the correlated factors for allergic disease secondary to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in newborns,in order to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical data of 137 neonates with NEC from 1st January to 31st December,2014 were analyzed and followed-up for three years. The related factors for secondary allergic disease were evaluated by Logistic regression analysis. Results The rate of anaphylactic disease was 36.50% (50/137) after three-year follow-up. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that second-hand smoking(OR=2.833,95%CI:1.066-7.532) and family history of allergy(OR=4.637,95%CI:1.652-13.013) were the independent risk factors of allergic disease in NEC children (P＜0.05),while breastfeeding(OR=0.152,95%CI:0.042-0.547) for at least first 4 months,positive result of fecal occult blood (OR=0.338,95%CI:0.141-0.811) were associated with lower incidence of allergic disease. Conclusions Allergic diseases after NEC are related to many factors. Second-hand smoking and family history of allergy increase the incidence of NEC,so these factors should be avoided. Meantime,breastfeeding is an effective means to reduce the occurrence of allergic diseases that is supposed to be encouraged.

Clinical study on the effect of family intervention model in children with autism spectrum disorder

LUO Yu-mei, CAO Jun, WEI Yang-bo, CHEN Hu, XIA Hong-mei, CHENG Ji-wen, LI Sheng-li

2019, 27(1):  91-94.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0730

Asbtract ( )   PDF (667KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To research the clinical effect of family intervention in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),in order to provide evidence for its clinical application. Methods A total of 76 cases of ASD children were selected as participants in Xiangyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from April 2017 to April 2018.And the participants were divided into the observation group (n=43) and control group (n=33) according to whether receiving training at home or not.Children of the control group were not intervened by their parents at home,and were only trained for half a day in the morning in hospital.The observation group were trained by their parents at home anytime and anywhere additionally.Chidren were assessed by the ASD Treatment Evaluation Scale (ATEC) and the ASD Behavior Checklist (ABC) before and after treatment,and were assessed by the match of their facial expression cards at the same time. Results Before treatment,there were no significant differences on the score ATEC and ABC scales between the two groups (t=0.21,0.24,P>0.05) ).After treatment,the scores of ATEC and ABC in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group(t=8.55,9.51) and those before treatment(t=7.02,10.97),and the differences were significant(P<0.05).In addition,there was statistically significant difference on the matching indexes of facial expression cards such as sadness,joy,anger and fear between the two groups (t=12.14,8.16,8.34,4.31,P<0.05). Conclusions Comprehensive interventions in hospitals and home can result in better efficacy,so it is worth popularizing and being applied in rehabilitation treatment.

Demographic characteristics and related risk factors of children with autism spectrum disorder

ZHONG Li-xia, XIONG Xi-yue

2019, 27(1):  94-97.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0564

Asbtract ( )   PDF (620KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the demographic characteristics and related risk factors of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD),in order to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of ASD. Methods A retrospective investigation with 1∶1 case-control study was conducted to investigate demographic data and related factors in 94 cases of ASD children and normal children from April 2016 to September 2017. The differences concerning health influencing factors between the two groups were compared and Logistic regression analysis was used to related factors. Results Boys were affected more frequently than girls with the ratio of 5.7∶1. There were significant differences on suffering hypoxia at birth,education level of their parents,mothers' occupations,child-bearing ages,health conditions and family income between the two groups(P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that mother engaged in manual work(OR=0.123,P=0.001)and higher family income(OR=0.065,P=0.015)may be the protective factors of ASD,while father older than 30 years old(OR=3.610,P=0.002)may be a risk factor of ASD. Conclusions Avoiding old age for fertility and taking exercise outside are helpful to prevent the development of ASD.

Analysis of the relationship between family environment and behavioral problems in preschool children in Shunyi district

LIU Ya-jing, MENG Zhan-song, LIU Chao, XIANG Zheng, CHEN Tong-ying

2019, 27(1):  98-100.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-1419

Asbtract ( )   PDF (523KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the prevalence and general characteristic of behavior problems among preschool children in Shunyi district,in order to understand the relationship between family environment and behavior problems. Methods Totally 1 301 preschool children were selected from 4 kindergartens in Shunyi district by a clustered-random sampling from April to June 2017. Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL) and Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version(FES-CV) were used and filled out completed by parents. Results About 14.8% (192/1 301) of preschool children showed behavioral problems,in which 16.9% for boys and 12.2% for girls,and there was significant difference between boys and girls(χ²=8.80,P=0.003).Also,significant differences existed on intelligence(t=2.475,P=0.014)and recreation (t=2.340,P=0.021)in boys between behavioral problems group and control group. There was significant difference on conflict in girls between behavioral problems group and control group(t=4.694,P＜0.001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that conflict was an independent risk factor for behavioral problems(OR=1.154,P=0.004). Conclusions Behavioral problems of preschool children are affected by gender and family environment. It is supposed to make individual and effective measurements based on family environment and gender difference.

Correlation analysis of electronic screen exposure and family rearing environment in preschool children

FANG Hong-ying, XU Cheng-heng, TANG Yin-xia, YANG Fei-fei

2019, 27(1):  101-103.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0645

Asbtract ( )   PDF (490KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the correlation between screen exposure and family rearing environment of preschool children in Tongling,in order to provide parents with correct guidance on family rearing intervention. Methods A random cluster sampling method was adopted to investigate 3-6-year-old children in 10 kindergartens in Tongling retrospectively in December 2017. A self-designed questionnaire and the "Family Parenting Environment Scale for Urban 3-6-year-old Children" were used as the research tools. Totally 1 817 valid questionnaires were obtained,of which 981 were boys and 836 were girls. Data were analyzed by t test,ANOVA and correlation analysis. Results The detection rates of electronic screen excessive exposure on study days,weekends and more than 2 h/d one week were 34.8%,30.7% and 38.2%. At the same time,81.3% were exposed to more than 2 types of products simultaneously. The detection rate of poor family rearing environment was 14.58%. Lower degree of education of parents indicated worse family rearing environment (father's educational level OR=1.489,mother's educational level OR=1.503,P<0.001). Factors score and the total score of family rearing environment were significantly different in different screen exposure time groups of study days,weekends and the average time of one week (P<0.05). Electronic screen exposure time was negatively correlated with the total score of the family rearing environment(r=-0.169,P<0.001). Conclusions Electronic screen exposure is related to family rearing environment. Parents should Establishing correct concept of family rearing environment and improving parenting style will help to control excessive exposure of electronic screen.

Analysis of the current situation and characteristics of nocturnal enuresis in children and adolescents aged 5-18 in Yinchuan

SUN Xiao-qian, GONG Rui, LU Dan-xia, PANG Chu-yue, ZHANG Yi, CHEN Wei-na, LIANG Li-jun

2019, 27(1):  104-106.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0522

Asbtract ( )   PDF (622KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To make an epidemiological investigation of children and adolescents with nocturnal enuresis (NE),in order to understand its current situation and characteristics. Methods Stratified and cluster random sampling was adopted to select 12 000 children and adolescents aged 5-18 in Yinchuan from 20th April to 4th May in 2017.And the prevalence of NE,characteristics and quality of life of children were investigated. Results A total of 10 074 valid questionnaires were collected. Among them,there were 612 cases of NE,with a total prevalence rates of 6.08%. The prevalence rate of NE in male and female was 6.69% and 5.42%,respectively. Also,the prevalence rates of NE in Han and Hui nationality were 6.57% and 4.63%,respectively,and was 4.37% in other nationalities. Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) and secondary nocturnal enuresis (SNE) accounted for 60.78% and 39.22%, respectively. Monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) and nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE) accounted for 74.18% and 25.82%. Moreover,nocturnal enuresis had impact on having life worries(53.76% ),sleep(70.1%) and school performance(66.18 %). Conclusions Nocturnal enuresis is prevalent,which has negative impact on the quality of life of children and their parents in the long term. However,the diagnosis rate of NE is low,and the importance of this disease still needs to be improved.

Effect of health management on family unit therapy compliance and pulmonary function index in children with high-risk asthma

WANG Jing, MOU Xiao-yan, HAN Hui, LI Li, CAO Nai-qing

2019, 27(1):  107-109.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0428

Asbtract ( )   PDF (530KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the effect of health management on the improvement of disease control in the family unit and pulmonary function indexes in children with high-risk asthma,in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of childhood asthma. Methods A total of 93 high-risk asthma children were selected from Shangdong Provincial Hospital from January 2014 to May 2016,and were divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group was given routine clinical treatment and whole-course health management follow-up,while the control group only received routine clinical treatment without any health management. Result The disease control and pulmonary function indexes of children in experimental group were significantly improved compared with the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion Strengthening the prevention and control awareness of family units with high-risk of asthma children,systematic and continuous health management,regular follow-up and monitoring,can significantly reduce the disease onset and improve the treatment compliance.

Analysis of the correlation between static balance test and movement assessment battery for children-2 in assessing the balance function of children

HUA Jing, HE Yan-lu, RUI Hong-xin, CHI Xia, ZHANG Min

2019, 27(1):  110-112.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0376

Asbtract ( )   PDF (497KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the correlation between results of static balance test and movement assessment battery for children-2 (MABC-2)test in assessing the balance function of children aged 7-10,in order to provide Objective reference for the appropriate use of balance assessment methods. Methods A total of 61 children aged 7-10 years were enrolled in this study from January 2015 to May 2017. The balance function of the participants were assessed with Tetrax system and the balance items of MABC-2 test,and the correlation between the two methods was analyzed. Results The correlation between the total balance items scores in MABC-2 test and the static balance system test results was significantly positive(r=0.50,P<0.01). And there was significantly high correlation between the MABC-2 test for 7-10-year-old children in the postural stability under plank with one foot and standing under foam with eyes open in static balance system test(r=0.73,P<0.01),while standing with eyes open in static balance system test showed moderate correlation with MABC-2 test (r=0.36,P<0.01). Conclusions The result of the total balance items scores in MABC-2 test is consistent with that of the static balance system test. MABC-2 is simple and handy to screen overall balance of children,while static balance testing instrument has great value in diagnosing and analyzing static balance mechanism. So it is suggested to apply the two tests together when evaluating the balance function of children comprehensively.