Abstract: Objective To understand the status of physical fitness of 3 to 6-year old-children in Soochow, and to analyze the test results to find problems, in order to provide more scientific basis for facilitating of physical fitness. Method A total of 4 341 children aged 3~6 were selected to conduct physical test according to random cluster sampling methods in 2017, and their shape-indexes, quality indexes were analyzed. Results The growth and development of body shape, physical fitness in preschool children in Soochow was in accordance with the basic rules. Totally 92.1% of the 3 to 6-year old children (boys: 90.2%, girls:94.2%) in Soochow achieved physical development standards, and showed the trend that strong in girls and weak in boys(P＜0.01). The age difference on physique index except sit and reach (SR) of 3 to 6-year-old children in Soochow was significant(P＜0.01).The height and body weight were significantly higher than those of female children at the same age. For physical quality, the upper body strength, the sinews of belly and agility of male children were better than those of female children(P＜0.05), but the flexibility ability were contrast(P＜0.05). The height and body weight were higher than the national averages(P＜0.01), but a lot of physique index were lower than the whole country slightly. There were no significant differences on height (P=0.1)and the ten-meter dash(P=0.59) between public and private kindergartens, but other physique index of children in private kindergartens were superior to that of children in public kindergartens(P＜0.01). Conclusions The physical fitness level of preschool children in Soochow is unsatisfying. Effective physical activity is suggested to be done with the consideration of their physical characteristics to improve physical fitness.

Key words: preschool children, physical fitness, physical activity

摘要： 目的 了解苏州市3~6岁儿童体质与健康状况,查找存在问题,为更好地开展儿童体质工作提供依据。方法 2017年按照分层整群抽样的原则,抽取3~6岁儿童共4 341人,测试指标包括形态指标、素质指标。结果 苏州3~6岁儿童身体形态、身体素质的生长发育总体上符合学龄前儿童的基本规律。身体素质达到“及格”等级以上的比例为92.1%,男童体质达标率为90.2%,女童为94.2%,呈现“女强男弱”趋势(P＜0.01);所有测试指标中除了坐位体前屈这一项,其他指标的年龄差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);各个年龄段男童的身高及体重均大于同龄女童,素质指标中,男童灵敏度及上肢、腰腹部力量优于女童(P＜0.05),而柔韧性则弱于女童(P＜0.05);形态指标均超过全国平均值(P＜0.01),素质指标与全国水平存在差距;公办、民办幼儿园在身高(P=0.1)及反映灵敏度的10 m折返跑(P=0.59)上没有差异,其他素质指标显示,民办幼儿园均优于公立幼儿园(P＜0.01)。 结论 苏州3~6岁儿童体质健康水平不容乐观,应根据发育特点进行科学有效的体育锻炼,提升体质措施势在必行。

关键词: 学龄前儿童, 体质健康, 体质锻炼