Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical features of language delay in children, in order to provide reference for the early detection and intervention. Methods From June 2019 to April 2020, a total of 151 children with language delay in the Department of Child Health care, Henan Children's Hospital were enrolled in this study. Children's intelligence was assessed by Gesell Development Scale. The ratios of developmental language delay and global developmental delay in children aged 1- years, 2- years and 3 - 4 years were analyzed. The differences of developmental quotients (DQs) in each area among the three age groups were compared, which were also compared between children younger and older than 3 years old. Results 1) The proportion of global developmental delay in children with language retardation as the main complaint increased gradually with the increase of age, which was 45.5%,61.2% and 95.5% in children in 1-,2-, 3 - 4 age group, respectively. 2) With the increase of age, the DQs of adaptability, gross motor, fine motor, language and social interaction area decreased gradually (F=26.175, 17.341, 18.516, 6.747, 4.180, P<0.05). There was a significantly sequential downward trend in adaptability, gross motor, fine motor, and language area from group 1- years to 2- years then to 3 - 4 years old(P<0.05). In social interaction area, there was only significant difference between children aged 1- years and 3 - 4 years (F=2.835, P=0.005). 3) The DQ values of children over 3 years old were significantly lower than those under 3 years old (F =5.521, 4.710, 4.933, 2.919, 2.670, P<0.01). Conclusions With the increase of age, the vast majority of children with language delay are not simple language problems, but more likely to be global developmental delay. Early screening, early diagnosis and early intervention are very important in the critical period of language development in children before the age of 3.

Key words: language delay, developmental language delay, global development delay

摘要： 目的 分析语言发育迟缓儿童的临床特征和现状,为早期诊断和干预提供科学性建议。方法 收集2019年6月—2020年4月河南省儿童医院儿童保健科以语言发育迟缓为主诉就诊的151例患儿,行Gesell发育诊断量表测试。分析1~岁组、2~岁组、3~4岁年龄组发育性语言延迟及全面发育迟缓的构成比,分别比较3个年龄组、3岁前后各能区DQ值差异。结果 1)随年龄增长,以语言发育迟缓为主诉的儿童全面发育迟缓的比例逐渐增加,3个年龄组中全面发育迟缓儿童的占比分别为45.5%、61.2%、95.5%。2)随年龄增长,适应性行为、大运动、精细运动、语言、个人社交能区的DQ值均逐渐下降,差异有统计学意义(F=26.175、17.341、18.516、6.747、4.180,P<0.05)。各年龄组间两两比较,适应性行为、大运动、精细运动、语言能区从1~岁→2~岁→3~4岁呈顺序下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),个人社交能区仅1岁~与3岁~组间差异有统计学意义(F=2.835, P=0.005)。3) 3岁以上组儿童各能区DQ值显著低于3岁以下组,差异有统计学意义(F=5.521、4.710、4.933、2.919、2.670, P<0.01)。结论 以语言发育迟缓为主诉就诊的儿童,随就诊年龄增大,非单纯语言问题所占比例逐渐增加,患儿更可能符合全面发育迟缓诊断。3岁前是儿童语言发育关键期,早期筛查、早期诊断及早期干预非常重要。

关键词: 语言发育迟缓, 发育性语言延迟, 全面发育迟缓