Abstract: Objective To identify the non-genetic influencing factors of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) in Jilin, so as to provide reference for making targeted strategies to reduce the risk of CHD among children in Northeastern China. Methods Children with CHD identified in the birth defects reporting system of Jilin Province from 2019 to 2020 and their mothers who met the inclusion criteria and were willing to cooperate were selected as the case group. Meanwhile, healthy children with the same sex, age and region and their mothers were selected into the control group by 1∶2 case-control matching. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of CHD in children. Results There were no significant differences between case group and control group in terms of gender and age distribution(P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that premature (OR=6.224), father drinking alcohol within 3 months before pregnancy (OR=2.476), maternal BMI ≥25 kg/m² before pregnancy(OR=8.372) were the risk factors for CHD in children, while multivitamin use during pregnancy(OR=0.342) was a protective factor of CHD in children. Conclusions Premature birth, father's alcohol consumption within 3 months before pregnancy and mother's pre-pregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m² are risk factors for the development of CHD in children in Jilin. Therefore, the focus should be on cardiac function in preterm infants, strengthening education on health care for couples preparing for pregnancy, encouraging them to quit smoking and drinking, control weight, so as to take an active role in pregnancy care.

Key words: children, congenital heart disease, case control study

摘要： 目的 分析吉林地区儿童先天性心脏病(CHD)的非遗传影响因素,寻找降低吉林地区儿童CHD患病风险的针对性策略。方法 选择2019—2020年吉林省出生缺陷上报系统发现的符合纳入标准并愿意配合的70对CHD患儿及其母亲作为病例组,选择同性别、年龄、地区的140对健康儿童及其母亲作为对照组进行1∶2病例对照配对。应用多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析儿童CHD的影响因素。结果 病例组和对照组儿童的性别、年龄分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),多因素分析结果显示:早产(OR=6.224)、父亲孕前3个月内饮酒(OR=2.476)、母亲孕前BMI≥25(OR=8.372)是儿童CHD的危险因素(P<0.05),孕期服用复合维生素(OR=0.342)是儿童CHD的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 早产、父亲孕前3个月内饮酒和母亲孕前BMI≥25是吉林地区儿童CHD发病的危险因素,应重点关注早产儿心脏功能,加强对备孕夫妇保健知识的宣传教育,鼓励其戒烟戒酒、控制体重,做好孕前和孕期保健。

关键词: 儿童, 先天性心脏病, 病例对照研究