Abstract: Objective To investigate the dietary patterns of elementary and secondary students in Urumqi city, and to analyze its correlation with overweight and obesity. Methods From March 2020 and December 2021, a total of 674 students from eight primary and secondary schools in the new urban area, Tianshan district, Shaeback district and the Hydromologue district of Urumqi city were recruited in this study by stratified cluster sampling. General characteristics and dietary data of the participants were collected by questionnaires. Dietary frequency and factor analysis were used to extract dietary patterns. Three-dimensional modeling body composition analyzer was used to measure the body composition data of the students. Then the BMI-Z value was calculated and overweight and obesity were assessed. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of dietary patterns with overweight and obesity. Results Three dietary patterns of students from Urumqi city were extracted in this study:The sweet processed group (which was associated with a high intake of beverages, ice cream, hamburgers, biscuits, etc.), The health conscious group (which was based on milk, vegetables, fruits, cereals, etc.) and the staple meat group (which was based on foods related to beef, pork, lamb, etc.). After stratified by age, the BMI, body fat, basal metabolic rate and percentage body fat of 7- to 11-year-old students in the health conscious group were significantly lower compared with the 12- to 17-year-old students in sweet processed group (P<0.05). Compared with sweet processed group and staple meat group, 12- to 17-year-old students in the healthy conscious group had lower muscle mass, basal metabolic rate and body fat percentage (P<0.05). Logistic regression model analysis showed that after adjustment for confounders, higher scores in the health awareness group were associated with a lower risk of developing overweight and obesity among students (OR=0.59, 95%CI:0.39 - 0.92). Conclusion Dietary patterns are correlated with overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Urumqi City, and changing dietary patterns is beneficial for healthy growth of students.

Key words: dietary patterns, overweight, obesity, adolescents

摘要： 目的 分析乌鲁木齐市中小学生膳食模式,并探究其与超重肥胖的相关性。方法 通过分层整群抽样法,于2020年3月—2021年12月抽取乌鲁木齐市新市区、天山区、沙依巴克区、水磨沟区8所中小学共674名中小学生作为调查对象,通过问卷收集调查对象的一般资料、膳食数据,分别采用膳食频率法、因子分析法分析乌鲁木齐市中小学生膳食摄入频率、摄入量及膳食模式。同时采用三维建模体成分分析仪测量中小学生体成分数据、计算BMI-Z值,评定超重及肥胖。采用多元Logistic回归模型分析膳食模式与超重肥胖的相关性。结果 本研究提取了乌鲁木齐市儿童的3种膳食模式:甜品加工组与饮料、冰淇淋、汉堡包、饼干等高摄入量有关,健康意识组以牛奶、蔬菜、水果、谷类食品等为主要食物,主食肉类组以牛肉、猪肉、羊肉等有关的食物为主要食物;按照年龄分层,与7~11岁甜品加工组、主食肉类组比较,7~11岁健康意识组BMI、体脂量、基础代谢率、体脂百分比更低(P＜0.05),与12~17岁甜品加工组、主食肉类组比较,12~17岁健康意识组肌肉量、基础代谢率、体脂百分比更低(P＜0.05);Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示,在调整混杂因素后,健康意识组得分越高,中小学生超重肥胖发生风险越小(OR=0.59,95％CI:0.39~0.92)。结论 乌鲁木齐市中小学生膳食模式与超重肥胖之间有相关性,改变膳食模式有利于中小学生健康成长。

关键词: 膳食模式, 超重, 肥胖, 青少年