Abstract: Objective To understand the current situation of sexual behavior and cognition among adolescent students, and to analyze the influencing factors of sexual intercourse, so as to provide a basis for formulating targeted interventions to reduce the adverse consequences of adolescent sexual behavior. Methods Using a stratified cluster sampling method, 1 228 adolescents from six vocational schools in Shandong Province were selected from August to October 2022. Questionnaires were used to collect information related to general characteristics, sexual knowledge, sexual concepts and behavior, and social norm cognition. An electronic version of the questionnaire was developed and distributed through the commonly used platform, Wenjuanxing. Results Among the 1 228 students, 242 (19.7%) were male and 986 (80.3%) were female. Out of the total sample, 77 (6.3%) reported having engaged in sexual intercourse, with 75 (97.4%) of them engaging in risky sexual behaviors. The overall score of sexual knowledge among students in the six schools was 21.41 ± 5.93. Logistic regression analysis revealed that being male (OR=3.342, 95%CI:1.919 - 5.818), being older than 16 years (OR=2.095, 95%CI=1.049 - 4.181), having migration experience (OR=1.764, 95%CI:1.016 - 3.064), being in a romantic relationship (OR=6.812, 95%CI=3.806 - 12.192), approving of sexual behavior outside marriage (OR=2.486, 95%CI:1.174 - 5.262), approving of one night stand (OR=3.263, 95%CI:1.197 - 8.899), and agreeing that condoms cannot be used for one-time sexual intercourse (OR=6.804, 95%CI:2.797 - 16.548) were risk factors for engaging in sexual behavior. Conclusions The prevalence of sexual behavior among adolescents is low, but the prevalence of risky sexual behavior is high. It is recommended to adopt a multi-party collaborative approach to intervene high-risk groups, aiming to promote the physical and mental health of adolescents.

Key words: adolescent, sexual behavior, sexual knowledge, social norms

摘要： 目的 了解青少年学生性行为、性知识及性知识需求现状,分析性行为发生的影响因素,为减少青少年性行为相关不良后果制定针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,于2022年8—10月选取山东省6所职业学校共1 228名青少年作为调查对象。采用一般资料问卷、性知识、性观念、性行为调查问卷、社会规范认知问卷通过问卷星形式进行调查。采用χ²检验、二分类Logistic回归分析了解青少年性行为发生的高危因素。结果 1 228名学生中,男生 242人(19.7%),女生986人(80.3%)。77人(6.3%)发生过性行为,其中有75人(97.4%)发生过危险性行为;6所 学校学生的性知识总体得分为(21.41±5.93)分。Logistic回归分析结果表明,男性(OR＝3.342,95%CI:1.919～5.818)、年龄>16岁(OR=2.095,95%CI:1.049～4.181)、有迁移经历(OR＝1.764,95%CI:1.016～3.064)、有恋爱经历(OR＝6.812,95%CI＝3.806～12.192)、社会规范认知中认同婚外性行为(OR＝2.486,95%CI:1.174～5.262)、认同一夜情、约炮(OR=3.263,95%CI:1.197～8.899)、认同一次性行为可以不使用安全套(OR=6.804,95%CI:2.797～16.548)是发生性行为的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 山东省中高职青少年性行为发生率低,但危险性行为发生率高,建议从社会规范认知角度出发,并采取多方合作的方式针对高危人群进行干预,从而促进青少年身心健康发展。

关键词: 青少年, 性行为, 性知识, 社会规范