Abstract: Objective To investigate the conditions of physical fitness of 3~6-year-old children in Kunming,and evaluate the physical status. Methods A cross-sectional investigation was conducted among 3 kindergartens in urban area of Kunming city by random cluster sampling.767 children were investigated by using "The Test Standard of Physical Fitness for Children in 3~6 years old".Collecting data were further to analyze by different statistics methods. Results The general status of physical fitness evaluation was not quite satisfied and the failed rate was 24.5%;The children's physical quality development was not balanced,the pass rates of the sub-items in the speed and sensitivity ability were higher,but the pass rates of the sub-items in the strength,endurance and balance ability were lower.The overweight/obese children grades in the all 8 sub-items were lower than normal children,especially in Continued jumping with both feet and balance beam. Conclusions Taking exercise is very important for the health of 3~6 years old children.The parents and health care workers of kindergartens should pay much attention to it.The children physical fitness evaluation should be an effective method in future childhood obesity intervention.

Key words: preschool children, physical fitness evaluation, obesity intervention

摘要： 目的 调查昆明市幼儿园学龄前儿童体质状况,评价儿童体格发育情况及运动能力,从而为提高学龄前集体儿童体质、预防儿童肥胖提供科学依据和指导。方法 随机整群抽取昆明市3所幼儿园767名3~6岁儿童,应用《北京市3~6岁儿童体质测试标准》对其进行体质测试,并对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果 1)昆明市儿童体质总体水平较差,优秀率仅为5.9%而不及格率高达24.5%;2)儿童各项体能素质发展不平衡,反应跑跳能力的项目优秀率相对较高(10米×2往返跑12.5%、圆周单脚持续跳跃18.8%、跳远12.8%),而表现肌力、耐力、平衡能力的运动优良率则较低(双脚持续跳跃6.1%、垒球投掷2.6%、平衡木7.4%);3)超重/肥胖儿童体质素质比体重正常儿童相对较差,超重/肥胖组儿童的不及格率(46.3%)显著高于体重正常组儿童(15.8%),而前者评价优秀率(0.9%)显著低于后者(7.8%,P<0.01)。 结论 进行体质测试可对儿童保健工作起科学指导作用,通过体质测定了解儿童的体质情况,为幼儿园的体格锻炼提供指导依据,体质评价还可作为肥胖儿童运动干预的有效指标。

关键词: 学龄前儿童, 体质评价, 肥胖干预