Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of pure breast-feeding and artificial feeding on the physical,mental,motor,temperament development of term infant and preterm infant at 6 months of age,and prove the importance of breastfeeding for infant growth and development and provide theoretical basis to promote breastfeeding. Methods Totally 97 term infants and 67 preterm infant were chosen for this study.According to their feeding types,they were assigned into 4 groups:pure breastfeeding term infant group (group A,n=54);artificial feeding term infant group(group B,n=43);breastfeeding preterm infant group (group C,n=38);artificial feeding preterm infant group (group D,n=29).Weight,length and head circumference of A,B,C,D four groups in birth,42 days,two months,three months,six months were measured and calculated the net value.CDCC Scales of Infant Development was used to evaluate their neurodevelopment at age 6 months.The result was indicated as mental development index(MDI),psychomotor development index(PDI).Infant Temperament Scale Standardized in China was used to check the temperament type and nine dimensions of the all infants. Results Aspects of growth and development,net weight of breastfeeding babies in 42 days,42 days ~2 months,2~3 months three time periods were greater than the values of artificial feeding,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);For full-term children,corresponding length and head circumference of the breastfeeding babies in 2~3 months,3~6 months to two time periods and born~42 days,2~3 months the two time periods,had more added value than the artificial feeding.For premature children,the breastfeeding were born~42 days,42 days~2 months,2~3 months,3~4 months four time periods and 42 days~2 months,2~3 months the two time periods,corresponding to the length and head circumference had more added value in beastfeeding than those in the artificial feeding.Breastfed babies' the intellectual,physical development index measured six months after birth were higher compared with artificial feeding.Breastfeeding and artificial feeding formed no difference in temperament in children. Conclusions Exclusive breastfeeding benifits both the mental development index and psychomotor development index in 6 months term children when compared with pure artificial feeding,the physical development advantages mainly concentrate in the first 3 months after born.Exclusive breastfeeding in 6 months term and preterm infants have no significant association with temperament.

Key words: pure breast-feeding, pure artificial feeding, physique growth, mental development index, motor development index

摘要： 目的 探讨纯母乳喂养和纯人工喂养对足月儿及早产儿在6个月体格发育、智力、运动发育、气质类型及气质各维度得分的影响。从而进一步论证母乳喂养对婴幼儿生长发育的重要性,为推进0~6个月纯母乳喂养提供理论依据和支持。方法 本课题选取足月儿97例和早产儿67例。即共分为四组A组为足月母乳喂养组(54例)、B组为足月人工喂养组(43例)、C组为早产母乳喂养组(38例)、D组为早产人工喂养组(29例)。测量A、B、C、D四组在出生、42 d、2、3、6个月时的体重、身长和头围,并计算其净增值。测试6个月时(早产儿纠正月龄6个月时)的智力发育指数、运动发育指数、气质类型及气质各维度得分,进行比较。结果 生长发育方面,母乳喂养的婴儿在出生~42 d、42 d～2个月、2～3个月三个时间段体重净增值大于人工喂养,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对于足月儿来说,母乳喂养分别在2～3个月、3～6个月两个时间段和出生～42 d、2～3个月两个时间段,对应的身长和头围净增值较人工喂养多,对于早产儿来说,母乳喂养分别在出生~42 d、42 d～2个月、2～3个月、3～4个月四个时间段和42 d～2个月、2～3个月两个时间段,对应的身长和头围净增值较人工喂养多。母乳喂养的婴儿在生后6个月测量的智力、运动发育指数较人工喂养的高。母乳喂养与人工喂养在小儿气质形成上无差异。结论 纯母乳喂养不论对足月儿还是早产儿6个月时的智力发育指数和运动发育指数均较纯人工喂养高,而体格发育优势主要集中在出生后前3个月,而足月及早产婴儿在6个月时的气质类型与是否母乳喂养无明显的关联。

关键词: 纯母乳喂养, 纯人工喂养, 体格发育, 智力发育指数, 运动发育指数