Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence and severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Qingdao. Method A total of 5 885 stratified random sampled parents were investigated with SNAP-Ⅳ scale. Results 1) Parent-reporting SNAP-Ⅳ scores showed 289 students meeting the diagnostic criteria for ADHD,with prevalence of 4.9%.The prevalence of boys was significantly higher than that of girls with a gender ratio of 1.60∶1.2)The prevalence of ADHD-I subtype,ADHD-HI subtype and ADHD-C subtype were respectively 3.0%,0.4% and 1.6%,among which there was no gender difference.3) The SNAP-Ⅳ scores of ADHD and normal children were significantly different.4) There was no significant gender difference of symptom severity within ADHD subtypes. Conclusions 1)The prevalence of 5th grade children of Qingdao is relatively low.Children of the three subtypes deserve education and treatment of equal level despite of their different behavioral characteristics.2) Girls with lower prevalence need to be taken seriously in both diagnosis and treatment for their equal symptom severity as boys.

Key words: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, epidemiology, gender difference

摘要： 目的 了解青岛市五年级儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的流行情况和严重程度。方法 使用SNAP-Ⅳ量表对青岛市各区县5 885名五年级学生进行筛查。结果 1)家长报告SNAP-Ⅳ量表得分显示4.9%学生符合ADHD诊断标准;男生患病率显著高于女生,男女比为1.60∶1。2)注意缺陷型、多动-冲动型和混合型三类亚型流行率分别为3.0%、0.4%和1.6%,亚型流行率无性别差异。3)ADHD三亚型和正常儿童的注意缺陷和多动冲动症状表现差异有统计学意义。4)ADHD各亚型男女童的症状严重程度差异无统计学意义。结论 1)青岛市五年级儿童ADHD流行率较低,三类亚型儿童行为表现各有特点,在教育和临床治疗中同样需要得到重视。2)女生患病率虽低于男生,但二者症状严重程度相同,因此应重视ADHD女童的诊断和治疗。

关键词: 注意缺陷多动障碍, 流行率, 性别差异