Abstract: Objective To investigate the status quo of children's temperament,family environment and social ability,and to explore the mediating role of temperament in the effect of family environment on preschool children's social ability. Method A total of 757 preschool children aged 3~6 years were randomly selected in Shenzhen and were investigated by the 3~7 Years Old Children's Temperament Questionnaire,Family Environment Scale and Children Social Ability Test in April 2019. Results 1) There were significant differences on the total social ability scores of children with different gender,age and temperament types (F=7. 896,9. 877,12. 696,P<0. 01). 2) Activity level,reaction intensity and reaction threshold in temperament were negatively correlated with the total score of family environment (r=-0. 16,-0. 12,-0. 21,P<0. 01) and the total score of social ability (r=-0. 21,-0. 16,-0. 29,P<0. 01). The total score of family environment,adaptability and phobotaxis were positively related to the total score of social ability (r=0. 29,0. 31,0. 41,P<0. 01). 3) The mediating effects of family environment on children's social ability were through seven dimensions of activity level (9. 53%),phobotaxis (27. 80%) and response threshold (16. 93%) in temperament. Conclusion Temperament plays an intermediary role in the influence of family environment on preschool children's social ability.

Key words: preschool children, temperament, social ability, family environment, mediating role

摘要： 目的 了解幼儿的气质、家庭环境和交往能力现状,探索气质在家庭环境对幼儿交往能力产生影响时的中介作用。方法 2019年4月整群随机抽取深圳市3~6岁757名幼儿,采用3~7岁儿童气质问卷、家庭环境量表及幼儿交往能力检测表进行调查。结果 1)不同性别、年龄及气质类型幼儿的交往能力总分差异有统计学意义(F=7.896,9.877,12.696,P<0.01)。2)幼儿气质中的活动水平、反应强度和反应阈与家庭环境总分呈负相关(r=-0.16,-0.12,-0.21,P<0.01)、与交往能力总分也呈负相关(r=-0.21,-0.16,-0.29,P<0.01);家庭环境总分、适应性及趋避性等与交往能力总分均呈正相关(r=0.29,0.31,0.41,P<0.01)。 3)家庭环境通过气质中的活动水平、趋避性及反应阈等7个维度的中介作用对幼儿交往能力产生影响,部分中介效应分别为活动水平9.53%、趋避性27.80%、反应阈16.93%。结论 家庭环境对幼儿交往能力影响的过程中,气质具有中介作用。

关键词: 幼儿, 气质, 交往能力, 家庭环境, 中介作用